December 17

1st Reading: Genesis 49: 2, 8-10

Jacob's Blessings on His Twelve Sons
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(Then Jacob called his sons, and said), [2] "Assemble and hear, 0 sons of Jacob,
and hearken to Israel your father. [8] Judah, your brothers shall praise you; your
hand shall be on the neck of your enemies; your father's sons shall bow down
before you. [9] Judah is a lion's whelp; from the prey, my son, you have gone up.
He stooped down, he couched as a lion, and as a lioness; who dares rouse him
up? [10] The scepter shall not depart from Judah, nor the ruler's staff from
between his feet, until he comes to whom it belongs; and to him shall be the
obedience of the peoples."

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Commentary:

49:1-28. Although this passage is traditionally described as the "Blessings
of Jacob" in the light of what it says in v. 28, it is in fact more like a series of
prophetic oracles (cf. v. 1) which encapsulate and evaluate the history of each
of the tribes by making predictions about the future. If we compare this with other
passages which provide historical-prophetical summaries about the tribes (such
as the "Blessings of Moses" in Deuteronomy 33 and the "canticle of Deborah" in
Judges 5), we can see that what is described here reflects the situation of the
tribes of Israel after the conquest of Canaan. The "Blessings of Jacob" show the
tribe of Judah's pride of place, refer to its connection with the Messiah and high-
light the importance of the tribes descended Joseph.

49:8-12. The disqualification of the first three tribes has opened the way to the
advancement of the tribe of Judah. Although Judah was not the first-born, he is
going to be given primacy, because his three older brothers have lost it on
account of their sins. The oracle about Judah not only acclaims Judah's strength
as like that of a lion, but announces that the royal scepter will be held by this
tribe until one comes whom the peoples will obey and who will bring peace and
prosperity. This may contain an immediate reference to David and his successors,
but the text itself points to a descendant of Judah who will be universal king.

The Hebrew term used to describe this descendant ("siloh") has been interpreted
by Jewish and Christian tradition in a messianic sense, linking it to other oracles
about the dynasty of David (cf. 2 Sam 7:14; Is 9:5ff; Mic 5:1-3; Zech 9:9). In the
light of the New Testament we can see what the oracle means: with David royalty
in Israel will emerge from the tribe of Judah and will extend until the coming of the
"Son of David", Jesus Christ in whom all the prophecies find fulfillment (cf. Mt
21:9).

In the words of v. 11,"he washes garments in wine and his vesture in the blood
of grapes," some Fathers saw allusion to the passion of Christ. Ambrose, for
example, interprets wine as being the blood of Christ and the "garments" as his
sacred humanity: "garments are the flesh of Christ, who covers up the sins of all,
who bears the crimes of all, who takes on the faults of all. The garments clothe
everyone in an outfit of joy. He washed these garments in wine when, on being
baptized in the Jordan, the Holy Spirit came down on him in shape of a dove and
stayed over him [...] For Jesus washed his garments to clean away any filth of
his own (for he had none) but to clean away our filth. And in the blood of grapes
he washed his tunic, that is, he cleansed men with blood in the passion of his
body. [...] And it is right to speak of grapes because he was hung like a bunch
of them on the wood (of the cross). He is the vine and he is the grape: the vine
because he is fixed to the wood; the grape because when his side was pierced
by the lance, blood and water flowed out. Water as purification, blood as the
ransom price. Through the water he washed us clean; through the blood he
redeemed us" ("De Benedictionem Patriarcharum", 4, 24).


Gospel Reading: Matthew 1:1-17

The Ancestry of Jesus Christ
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[1] The book of the genealogy of Jesus Christ, the Son of David, the son of
Abraham.

[2] Abraham was the father of Isaac, and Isaac the father of Jacob, and Jacob
the father of Judah and his brothers, [3] and Judah the father of Perez and Zerah
by Tamar, and Perez the father of Hezron, and Hezron the father of Ram, [4]
and Ram the father of Amminadab, and Amminadab the father of Nahson, and
Nahson the father of Salmon, [5] and Salmon the father of Boaz by Rahab, and
Boaz due father of Obed by Ruth, and Obed the father of Jesse, [6] and Jesse
the father of David the king.

And David was the father of Solomon by the wife of Uriah, [7] and Solomon the
father of Rehoboam, and Rehoboam the father of Abijah, and Abijah the father
of Asa, [8] and Asa the father of Jehoshaphat, and Jehoshaphat the father of
Joram, and Joram the father of Uzziah, [9] and Uzziah the father of Jotham, and
Jotham the father of Ahaz, and Ahaz the father of Hezekiah, [10] and Hezekiah
the father of Manasseh, and Manasseh the father of Amos, and Amos the father
of Josiah, [11] and Josiah the father of Jechoniah and his brothers, at the time
of the deportation to Babylon.

[12] And after the deportation to Babylon: Jechoniah was the father of Shealtiel,
and Shealtiel the father of Zerubbabel, [13] and Zerubbabel the father of Abiud,
and Abiud the father of Eliakim, and Eliakim the father of Azor, [14] and Azor
the father of Zadok, and Zadok the father of Aching and Achim the father of Eliud,
[15] and Eliud the father of Eleazar, and Eleazar the father of Matthan, and
Matthan the father of Jacob, [16] and Jacob the father of Joseph the husband of
Mary, of whom Jesus was born, who is called Christ.

[17] So all the generations from Abraham to David were fourteen generations,
and from David to the deportation to Babylon fourteen generations, and from the
deportation to Babylon to the Christ fourteen generations.

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Commentary:

1. This verse is a kind of title to St Matthew's entire Gospel. The promises God
made to Abraham for the salvation of mankind (Gen 12:3) are fulfilled in Jesus
Christ, as is Nathan's prophecy to King David of an everlasting kingdom (2 Sam
7:12-16).

The genealogy presented here by St Matthew shows Jesus' human ancestry
and also indicates that salvation history has reached its climax with the birth
of the Son of God through the working of the Holy Spirit. Jesus Christ, true God
and true man, is the expected Messiah.

The genealogy is presented in a framework of three series, each consisting of
fourteen links which show the progressive development of salvation history.

For the Jews (and for other Eastern peoples of nomadic origin) genealogical
trees were of great importance because a person's identity was especially
linked to family and tribe, with place of birth taking secondary importance. In
the case of the Jewish people there was the added religious significance of
belonging by blood to the chosen people.

In Christ's time each family still kept a careful record of its genealogical tree,
since because of it people acquired rights and duties.

6. Four women are named in these genealogies--Tamar (cf. Gen 38; 1 Chron 2:4),
Rahab (cf. Josh 2:6,17), Bathsheba (cf. 2 Sam 11:12, 24) and Ruth (cf. Book of
Ruth). These four foreign women, who in one way or another are brought into the
history of Israel, are one sign among many others of God's design to save all men.

By mentioning sinful people, God's ways are shown to be different from man's.
God will sometimes carry out his plan of salvation by means of people whose
conduct has not been just. God saves us, sanctifies us and chooses us to do
good despite our sins and infidelities--and he chose to leave evidence of this at
various stages in the history of our salvation.

11. The deportation to Babylon, described in 2 Kings 24-25, fulfilled the prophets'
warning to the people of Israel and their kings that they would be punished for
their infidelity to the commandments of the Law of God, especially the first
commandment.

16. Jewish genealogies followed the male line. Joseph, being Mary's husband,
was the legal father of Jesus. The legal father is on a par with the real father as
regards rights and duties. This fact provides a sound basis for recognizing St
Joseph as Patron of the whole Church, since he was chosen to play a very
special role in God's plan for our salvation; with St Joseph as his legal father,
Jesus the Messiah has David as his ancestor.

Since it was quite usual for people to marry within their clan, it can be concluded
that Mary belonged to the house of David. Several early Fathers of the Church
testify to this--for example, St Ignatius of Antioch, St Irenaeus, St Justin and
Tertullian, who base their testimony on an unbroken oral tradition.

It should also be pointed out that when St Matthew comes to speak of the birth
of Jesus, he uses an expression which is completely different from that used for
the other people in the genealogy. With these words the text positively teaches
that Mary conceived Jesus while still a virgin, without the intervention of man.

　

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Source: "The Navarre Bible: Text and Commentaries". Biblical text from the
Revised Standard Version and New Vulgate. Commentaries by members of
the Faculty of Theology, University of Navarre, Spain.

Published by Four Courts Press, Kill Lane, Blackrock, Co. Dublin, Ireland, and
by Scepter Publishers in the United States. We encourage readers to purchase
The Navarre Bible for personal study. See Scepter Publishers for details.

[참고: 이 파일은 저서명 "가톨릭 교회의 말씀 전례에 따른 성경공부 해설서"(엮은이: 소순태, 출판사: 가톨릭출판사)의 각주의 연장으로 마련되었습니다].