2nd Sunday of Advent, Cycle A


1st Reading: Isaiah 11:1-10

The New Descendant of David 
´ÙÀ­ÀÇ »õ ÈļÕ

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[1] There shall come forth a shoot from the stump of Jesse, and a branch
shall grow out of his roots. [2] And the Spirit of the Lord shall rest upon him,
the spirit of wisdom and understanding, the spirit of counsel and might, the
spirit of knowledge and the fear of the Lord. [3] And his delight shall be in the
fear of the Lord. He shall not judge by what his eyes see, or decide by what
his ears hear; [4] but with righteousness he shall judge the poor, and decide
with equity for the meek of the earth; and he shall smite the earth with the rod
of his mouth, and with the breath of his lips he shall slay the wicked. [5]
Righteousness shall be the girdle of his waist, and faithfulness the girdle of his
loins. [6] The wolf shall dwell with the lamb, and the leopard shall lie down with
the kid, and the calf and the lion and the failing together, and a little child shall
lead them. [7] The cow and the bear shall feed; their young shall lie down
together; and the lion shall eat straw like the ox. [8] The sucking child shall
play over the hole of the asp, and the weaned child shall put his hand on the
adders den. [9] They shall not hurt or destroy in all my holy mountain; for the
earth shall be full of the knowledge of the Lord as the waters cover the sea.

The Return of the Exiles
À¯¹è·ÎºÎÅÍ ±Íȯ
-----------------------------------
[10] In that day the root of Jesse shall stand as an ensign to the peoples; him
shall the nations seek, and his dwellings shall be glorious.

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Commentary:

11:1-9. This passage, which is regarded as the third Immanuel oracle, has two
parts to it. The first (vv.1-5) announces that the shoot will spring from the stump
of Jesse (David's father) at some future date. The second (vv. 6-9) describes the
good things associated with his reign, using imagery to do with messianic peace:
creation will be restored to its state of original justice.

11,1-9. ¼¼ ¹ø° ÀÓ¸¶´©¿¤ ½ÅŹÀ¸·Î¼­ °£ÁֵǴ ÀÌ ±¸ÀýÀº Àڽſ¡ µÎ °³ÀÇ ºÎºÐµéÀ» 
°¡Áö°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ù ¹ø°(Á¦1-5Àý) ºÎºÐÀº ¾î¶² ¹Ì·¡ÀÇ ½ÃÁ¡¿¡ ÀÌ ÇÞ¼ø(the shoot)ÀÌ 
ÀÌ»çÀÌ(Jesse)(´ÙÀ­ÀÇ ¾Æ¹öÁö)ÀÇ ±×·çÅͱâ(stump)¿¡¼­ µ¸¾Æ³¯ °ÍÀÓÀ» ¼±¾ðÇÏ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. 
µÎ ¹ø° ºÎºÐ
(Á¦6-9Àý)Àº, ¸Þ½Ã¾ÆÀÇ ½Ã´ëÀÇ ÆòÈ­(messianic peace)¿Í °ü°è°¡ Àִ 
ºñÀ¯Àû ¹¦»ç(imagery)¸¦ »ç¿ëÇϸ鼭, ±×ÀÇ ÅëÄ¡¿Í °ü·ÃµÈ ¼±ÇÑ °ÍµéÀ» ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ 
¼³¸íÇÏ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù:
âÁ¶´Â ¿ø ÀǷοò(original justice)ÀÇ ±× »óÅ·Πȸº¹µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

The first part is a formal announcement of the accession of a new king in the
line of David--humble, because he comes from a tree that has been pruned yet
has all the vitality of a tender shoot. It refers to a future king ("there shall come
...") and not the reigning monarch. The new king will be endowed with
exceptional qualities that equip him to rule, thanks to the Holy Spirit who will
descend upon him. The divine Spirit is an inner strength, a gift that God gives
to key figures in salvation history to enable them to accomplish a difficult and
dangerous mission--Moses (cf. Num 11:17), the judges (cf. 3:10; 6:34) and
David (1 Sam 16:13). The new descendent of David will rule over the people
not in a heavy-handed way like the kings of the time, but with a charismatic
dynamism that comes from God. Six gifts of the Spirit are mentioned, in pairs
-- wisdom and understanding, referring to the skill and prudence that ensure
that he will judge rightly; counsel and fortitude, the characteristics of an astute
strategist like David; knowledge and the fear of the Lord, which have to do with
the religious sphere, for the king must not forget that he is God's representative.

ù ¹ø° ºÎºÐÀº ´ÙÀ­ÀÇ Á÷°è ¾È¿¡¼­, ±×°¡ ÀÌ¹Ì °¡ÁöÄ¡±â¸¦ ´çÇÑ ±×·¯³ª ¿©ÀüÈ÷ 
ºÎµå·¯¿î »õ¼øÀÇ È°·Â ¸ðµÎ¸¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Â ÇÑ ±×·çÀÇ ³ª¹«·ÎºÎÅÍ ¿À±â ¶§¹®¿¡ °â¼ÕÇÑ, 
»õ ÀÓ±ÝÀÇ °è½Â(accession)¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °ø½ÄÀûÀÎ ¼±Æ÷ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ ºÎºÐÀº ÇÑ ¸íÀÇ ¹Ì·¡ÀÇ 
Àӱݿ¡ ´ëÇÑ ¾ð±ÞÀÌÁö
["°Å±â¿¡¼­ ...ÀÌ ³ª¿À¸®¶ó(there shall come ...)"], ±º¸²Çϴ 
±ºÁÖ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¾ð±ÞÀÌ ¾Æ´Õ´Ï´Ù. »õ ÀÓ±ÝÀº, ±×ÀÚ À§¿¡ ³»·Á¿À½Ç ¼º·É ´öÅÃÀ¸·Î, ±×°¡ 
ÅëÄ¡Çϵµ·Ï °®Ãß¾î ÁÖ´Â ºñ¹üÇÑ ÀÚÁú(exceptional qualities)µéÀÌ ±×¿¡°Ô ºÎ¿©µÉ 
°ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÇÏ´À´ÔÀÇ ¿µÀº ÇÑ °³ÀÇ ³»¸éÀû ±»¼ÀÀε¥, ÀÌ°ÍÀº ÇÏ´À´Ô²²¼­ ±¸¿øÀÇ ¿ª»ç¿¡ 
ÀÖ¾î ÇÙ½É Àι°µé¿¡°Ô ±×µéÀÌ Èûµé°í À§ÇèÇÑ ÀÓ¹«¸¦ ¼ºÃëÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» Çã¶ôÇÏ°íÀÚ 
Á¦°øÇϽô ÇÑ °³ÀÇ ¼±¹°ÀÔ´Ï´Ù --
¸ð¼¼(¹Î¼ö 11,17 ÂüÁ¶), ÆÇ°üµé (ÆÇ°ü 3,10; 6,34 
ÂüÁ¶) ±×¸®°í ´ÙÀ­ (1»ç¹«¿¤ 16,13). ´ÙÀ­ÀÇ »õ ÈļÕÀº ±× ½Ã´ëÀÇ Àӱݵé ó·³ °¡È¤ÇÑ
(heavy-handed) ¹æ½ÄÀ¸·Î°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ÇÏ´À´ÔÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ À¯·¡ÇÏ´Â ¾î¶² Ä«¸®½º¸¶Àִ 
¿ªµ¿¼º(a charismatic dynamism)À¸·Î½á ÀÌ ¹é¼ºÀ» ÅëÄ¡ÇÒ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¦µé·Î ÀÌ ¿µÀÇ 
¿©¼¸ °³ÀÇ ¼±¹°µéÀÌ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ¸»ÇØÁö°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù: ±×°¡ ¿Ã¹Ù¸£°Ô ÆÇ´ÜÇÒ °ÍÀÓÀ» 
º¸ÁõÇÏ´Â ¼Ø¾¾(skill)¿Í Çö¸í(prudence)¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¾ð±ÞÀÎ
ÁöÇý(wisdom, ½½±â)¿Í ÅëÂû
(understanding, ±ú´ÞÀ½)
, ±×¸®°í ´ÙÀ­°ú °°Àº ±â¹ÎÇÑ Àü·«°¡ÀÇ Æ¯¼ºÀÎ ÀÇ°ß(counsel, 
Àϱú¿ò)°ú ¿ë±â(strength, ±»¼À)
, ±×¸®°í, ÀÌ ÀÓ±ÝÀº ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ ÇÏ´À´ÔÀÇ ´ëÇ¥ÀÚÀÓÀ» ÀØÁö 
¸»¾Æ¾ß Çϱ⿡, Á¾±³Àû °ø°£°ú °ü·ÃÀÌ ÀÖ´Â,
Áö½Ä(knowledge)°ú ÇÏ´À´Ô¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °æ¿Ü
(fear).
 


The second part describes very beautifully the messianic peace that will flower
with this new "shoot". It paints a panorama of the harmony that reigned at the
dawn of creation, only to be broken by sin. Even among wild beasts violence
will disappear. No longer will man in his pride desire to be "like God, knowing
good and evil" (Gen 3:5); instead he will be filled with the divine gift of the
"knowledge of the Lord" (v. 9). The "child", mentioned twice (vv. 6, 8) is not
directly connected with the child-king of the oracle found in 9:6 or with the
Immanuel (7:14); however, in the mind of the prophet they must have had
many points of contact, given the reference to the child having a leadership
role (v. 6).

µÎ ¹ø° ºÎºÐÀº ¹Ù·Î ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ »õ "¼ø(shoot)"°ú ÇÔ²² ¸¸¹ßÇÒ ¸Þ½Ã¾ÆÀÇ ½Ã´ëÀÇ ÆòÈ­¸¦ 
¸Å¿ì ¾Æ¸§´ä°Ô ¹¦»çÇÕ´Ï´Ù. âÁ¶ÀÇ »õº®¿¡ ÅëÄ¡ÇÏ¿´´ø, ¿À·ÎÁö ÁË¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© 
ºÎ¼­Áö°Ô µÉ, Á¶È­ÀÇ Æijë¶ó¸¶(a panorama of harmony)¸¦ »ý»ýÇÏ°Ô ¹¦»çÇÕ´Ï´Ù
(paints). ½ÉÁö¾î ¾ß»ý µ¿¹°µé »çÀÌ¿¡¼­µµ Æø·ÂÀº »ç¶óÁú °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ´õ ÀÌ»ó »ç¶÷Àº 
Àڽſ¡ ´ëÇÑ ±³¸¸À¸·Î
"¼±°ú ¾ÇÀ» ¾Æ½Ã´Â, ÇÏ´À´Ôó·³" (â¼¼±â 3,5) µÇ°íÀÚ ¿å±¸ÇÏÁö 
¾ÊÀ» °ÍÀ̸ç, ´ë½Å¿¡ ±×´Â
"ÁÖ´Ô¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Áö½Ä"(Á¦9Àý)À̶ó´Â ÇÏ´À´ÔÀÇ ¼±¹°·Î ä¿öÁú 
°ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. µÎ ¹ø ¸»ÇØÁö°í ÀÖ´Â
(Á¦6,8Àý) ÀÌ "¾ÆÀÌ(child)"´Â 9,6¿¡¼­ ¹ß°ßµÇ´Â ½ÅŹÀÇ 
¾ÆÀÌ-Àӱݰú ȤÀº ÀÓ¸¶´©¿¤(7,14)°ú Á÷Á¢ÀûÀ¸·Î ¿¬°áµÇ´Â °ÍÀº ¾Æ´Ï³ª, ±×·¯³ª, 
ÁöµµÀÚÀÇ ¿ªÇÒÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Â ÀÌ ¾ÆÀÌ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÁÖ¾îÁø ¾ð±Þ ÇÏ¿¡¼­, ÀÌ ¿¹¾ðÀÚÀÇ 
¸¶À½ ¾È¿¡¼­ ±×µéÀº ¼ö¸¹Àº Á¢ÃËÁ¡µéÀ» °¡Á³À» °ÍÀÓ¿¡ Ʋ¸²¾ø½À´Ï´Ù.


The image of the "shoot" from the royal line who will bring peace has been
interpreted in Christian tradition as finding fulfillment in Jesus Christ. St
Thomas Aquinas read this passage as referring to Christ, who brought about
the restoration of mankind; he points out: "First, the birth of Christ the 'restorer',
is spoken of (v. 1); then, his holiness (vv. 2-9) and his dignity (v. 10) are
described" ("Expositio Super lsaiam", 11). And John Paul II comments:
"Alluding to the coming of a mysterious personage, which the New Testament
revelation will identify with Jesus, Isaiah connects his person and mission with
a particular action of the Spirit of God--the Spirit of the Lord.

ÆòÈ­¸¦ °¡Á®´Ù ÁÙ ¿Õ½Ç °¡°è Ãâ½ÅÀÇ ÀÌ "¼ø(soot)"¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹¦»ç(image)´Â ±×¸®½ºµµ±³ 
Àü½Â(Christian tradition)¿¡ ÀÖ¾î ¿¹¼ö ±×¸®½ºµµ ¾È¿¡¼­ ±¸ÇöÀ» ¹ß°ßÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î¼­ 
Çؼ®µÇ¾îÁ® ¿Ô½À´Ï´Ù.
¼º Å丶½º ¾ÆÄû³ª½º(St. Thomas Aquinas)´Â ÀÌ ±¸ÀýÀ», 
ÀηùÀÇ È¸º¹À» ÃÊ·¡Çϼ̴ø ±×¸®½ºµµ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¾ð±ÞÀ¸·Î¼­ ÀÐÀ¸¸ç, ±×¸®°í ±×´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú 
°°ÀÌ ÁöÀûÇÕ´Ï´Ù:
"ù ¹ø°·Î, 'ȸº¹ÀÚ'À̽Š±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ Åº»ýÀÌ ¸»ÇØÁö°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç 
(Á¦1Àý); ±×·¯°í ³ª¼­, ´ç½ÅÀÇ °Å·èÇÔ(Á¦2-9Àý)°ú ´ç½ÅÀÇ Á¸¾ö(Á¦10Àý)µéÀÌ ¹¦»çµÇ°í 
ÀÖ´Ù" [¼º Å丶½º ¾ÆÄû³ª½º(St. Thomas Aquinas), "Expositio Super lsaiam", 11]. 
±×¸®°í ¿äÇÑ ¹Ù¿À·Î 2¼¼´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ÁÖ¼®ÇÕ´Ï´Ù: "½Å¾à °è½Ã°¡ ¿¹¼ö´ÔÀ¸·Î ½Äº°ÇÒ, 
ÇÑ ¸íÀÇ ½Åºñ·Î¿î ¸í»ç(a mysterious personage)ÀÇ µµ·¡¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© ³ÍÁö½Ã ¸»Çϸ鼭, 
ÀÌ»ç¾ß(Isaiah)´Â ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ Àΰݰú »ç¸íÀ» ÇÏ´À´ÔÀÇ ¿µ, Áï ÁÖ´ÔÀÇ ¿µÀÇ ¾î¶² Ưº°ÇÑ 
ÇàÀ§¿Í °ü·Ã½Ãŵ´Ï´Ù.


These are the words of the prophet: 'There shall come forth a shoot from the
stump of Jesse, and a branch shall grow out of his roots. And "the Spirit of the
Lord shall rest upon him", the spirit of wisdom and understanding, the spirit of
counsel and might, the spirit of knowledge and the fear of the Lord. And his
delight shall be the fear of the Lord' (Is 11:1-3). This text is important for the
whole pneumatology of the Old Testament, because it constitutes a kind of
bridge between the ancient biblical concept of 'spirit', understood primarily as
a 'charismatic breath of wind', and the 'Spirit' as a person and as a gift, a gift
for the person. The Messiah of the lineage of David ('from the stump of Jesse')
is precisely that person upon whom the Spirit of the Lord 'shall rest.' It is
obvious that in this case one cannot yet speak of a revelation of the Paraclete.
However, with this veiled reference to the figure of the future Messiah there
begins, so to speak, the path towards the full revelation of the Holy Spirit in
the unity of the Trinitarian mystery, a mystery which will finally be manifested
in the New Covenant" ("Dominum Et Vivificantem", 15).

´ÙÀ½Àº ÀÌ ¿¹¾ðÀÚÀÇ ¸»µéÀÔ´Ï´Ù: 'ÀÌ»çÀÌÀÇ ±×·çÅͱ⿡¼­ ÇÞ¼øÀÌ µ¸¾Æ³ª°í ±× 
»Ñ¸®¿¡¼­ »õ½ÏÀÌ ¿òÆ®¸®¶ó. "±× À§¿¡ ÁÖ´ÔÀÇ ¿µÀÌ ¸Ó¹«¸£¸®´Ï" ÁöÇý¿Í ½½±âÀÇ ¿µ 
°æ·û°ú ¿ë¸ÍÀÇ ¿µ Áö½ÄÀÇ ¿µ°ú ÁÖ´ÔÀ» °æ¿ÜÇÔÀÌ´Ù. ±×´Â ÁÖ´ÔÀ» °æ¿ÜÇÔÀ¸·Î 
Èå¹µÇØÇϸ®¶ó. ±×´Â Àڱ⠴«¿¡ º¸ÀÌ´Â ´ë·Î ÆÇ°áÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í Àڱ⠱Ϳ¡ µé¸®´Â 
´ë·Î ½ÉÆÇÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸®¶ó.' (ÀÌ»ç¾ß 11,1-3) ¹Ù·Î ÀÌ º»¹®Àº ±¸¾àÀÇ ¼º·É·Ð
(pneumatology)
Àüü¸¦ À§ÇÏ¿© Áß¿äÇѵ¥, ¿Ö³ÄÇϸé, ÀÌ º»¹®ÀÌ ¾î¶² '¹Ù¶÷ÀÇ 
Ä«¸®½º¸¶ Àִ ¼û'(a 'charismatic breath of wind')À¸·Î¼­ ÁÖ·Î ÀÌÇصǾú´ø, 
'¿µ(spirit)'
¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °í´ëÀÇ ¼º°æÀû °³³ä°ú, ±×¸®°í ÇÑ ¸íÀÇ ÀΰÝ(a person)À¸·Î¼­ 
±×¸®°í, ÀÌ ÀΰÝÀ» À§ÇÑ ÇÑ °³ÀÇ ¼±¹°ÀÎ, ÇÑ °³ÀÇ ¼±¹°·Î¼­ÀÇ '°Å·èÇÑ ¿µ'(the 'Spirit') 
»çÀÌÀÇ ÀÏÁ¾ÀÇ ´Ù¸®(bridge)¸¦ ±¸¼ºÇϱ⠶§¹®ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ´ÙÀ­ °¡°è('ÀÌ»çÀÌÀÇ 
±×·çÅͱ⿡¼­')ÀÇ ¸Þ½Ã¾Æ´Â ±×ºÐ À§¿¡ ÁÖ´ÔÀÇ ¿µÀÌ 'ÀåÂ÷ ¸Ó¹«¸¦(shall rest)' ¹Ù·Î 
±× ÀΰÝ(person)À» Á¤È®ÇÏ°Ô ¸»ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ¹Ù·Î ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ °æ¿ì¿¡ ÀÖ¾î ¿ì¸®°¡ ¿©ÀüÈ÷ 
ÇùÁ¶ÀÚ(Paraclete)¿¡ ±âÀÎÇÏ´Â ¾î¶² °è½Ã¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© ¸»ÇÒ ¼ö ¾øÀ½Àº ºÐ¸íÇÕ´Ï´Ù. 
±×·¯³ª, ¹Ì·¡ÀÇ ¸Þ½Ã¾ÆÀÇ Ç¥»ó(figure)¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹Ù·Î ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ º£ÀÏ·Î °¡¸®¾îÁø ¾ð±Þ°ú 
ÇÔ²² °Å±â·ÎºÎÅÍ, ¸»ÇÏÀÚ¸é, »õ °è¾à(the New Covenant) ¾È¿¡¼­ ÃÖÁ¾ÀûÀ¸·Î ÀåÂ÷ 
µå·¯³»¾îÁú ÇÑ °³ÀÇ ½ÅºñÀÎ, ¼º»ïÀ§ ½ÅºñÀÇ ´ÜÀϼº(unity) ¾È¿¡¼­ ¼º·É¿¡ ´ëÇÑ 
Ã游ÇÑ °è½Ã¸¦ ÇâÇϴ °æ·Î(path)°¡ ½ÃÀÛÇÕ´Ï´Ù" [¼º ¿äÇÑ ¹Ù¿À·Î 2¼¼(John Paul II, 
1920-2005³â, ÀçÀ§ ±â°£: 1978-2005³â), "»ý¸íÀ» Áֽô ÁÖ´Ô(Dominum Et 
Vivificantem)", Á¦15Ç×
].

A Christian reading of these words finds in them a reference to the action of
the Holy Spirit in souls; the "spirits" that repose in the Messiah; are stable
"gifts" through which the Holy Spirit acts. There are six of these gifts, according
to the Hebrew text (which the New Vulgate and the RSV follow). The Greek
translation of the Septuagint and the Vulgate divide the gift of fear into two--piety
and fear of the Lord. That is why catechesis and theology speak of there being
seven gifts: "The seven 'gifts' of the Holy Spirit are wisdom, understanding,
counsel, fortitude, knowledge, piety and fear of theLord. They belong in their
fullness to Christ, Son of David (cf. Is 11:1-2). They complete and perfect the
virtues of those who receive them. They make the faithful docile in readily
obeying divine inspirations" ("Catechism of the Catholic Church", 1831).

ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¸»µé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±×¸®½ºµµ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ µ¶¼­´Â ÀÚ½Åµé ¾È¿¡¼­ ¿µÈ¥µé¿¡ ÀÖ¾î ¼º·ÉÀÇ 
ÀÛ¿ë¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¾î¶² ¾ð±ÞÀ» ¹ß°ßÇϸç, ±×¸®°í ¸Þ½Ã¾Æ¿¡ À§Å¹ÇÏ´Â
"¿µµé(the spirits)"Àº 
±×°ÍÀ» ÅëÇÏ¿© ¼º·É²²¼­ ÀÛ¿ëÇϽô ¾ÈÁ¤ÀûÀÎ
"¼±¹°µé"À» ¸»ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. [1979³â ÆÇ 
»õ ´ëÁß ¶óƾ¸» ¼º°æ(the New Vulgate)
°ú RSV(the Revised Standard Version)ÀÌ 
µÚµû¸£´Â, ±â¿øÈÄ 9¼¼±â °æ¿¡ À¯´Ù±³ ¿ëµµ·Î ÆíÁýµÈ ¸¶¼Ò¶óº»] È÷ºê¸®¾î º»¹®¿¡ µû¸£¸é, 
ÀÌµé ¼±¹°µé¿¡´Â ¿©¼¸ °³°¡ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
Ä¥½ÊÀÎ ¿ª ±×¸®½º¾îº»°ú [4¼¼±â ¸»°æ¿¡, 
º£µé·¹Çð¿¡¼­ À¯´Ù ÇÐÀÚµéÀÇ µµ¿òÀ» ¹ÞÀ¸¸é¼­, ¼º ¿¹·Î´Ï¸ð(St. Jerome)¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© 
¸¶·ÃµÇ¾î 1979³â±îÁö °¡Å縯 ±³È¸ÀÇ °øÀÎ ¼º°æÀ̾ú´ø] ´ëÁß ¶óƾ¸» ¼º°æ(Vulgate)Àº 
µÎ·Á¿ò(fear)À̶ó´Â ¼±¹°À» ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ µÑ·Î ³ª´¯´Ï´Ù°æÀÇ(Ì×ëò)/Á¸Áß(ðîñì)°ú ÇÔ²² ´ç¿¬ÇÑ 
Àǹ«µé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Ãæ½Ç(piety)
(*)°ú ÁÖ´Ô¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °æ¿Ü(fear). ¹Ù·Î ÀÌ°ÍÀÌ ¿Ö ±³¸® °¡¸£Ä§
(catechesis)°ú ½ÅÇÐÀÌ ÀÏ°ö °³ÀÇ ¼±¹°µéÀÌ ÀÖÀ½¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ¸»Çϴ 
ÀÌÀ¯ÀÔ´Ï´Ù: 

"¼º·ÉÀÇ ÀÏ°ö '¼±¹°µé'Àº ÁöÇý(wisdom), ÅëÂû(understanding, ±ú´ÞÀ½, ÀÌÇØ), ÀÇ°ß(counsel, 
±Ç°í, Àϱú¿ò), ¿ë±â(fortitude, ±»¼À), Áö½Ä(knowledge, ¾Í), °æÀÇ(Ì×ëò)/Á¸Áß(ðîñì)°ú ÇÔ²² 
´ç¿¬ÇÑ Àǹ«µé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Ãæ½Ç(piety, °ø°æ/¹Þµê) ±×¸®°í ÁÖ´Ô¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °æ¿Ü(fear, µÎ·Á¿ö ÇÔ). 
À̵éÀº ±×µéÀÇ Ã游ÇÔ ¾È¿¡¼­, ´ÙÀ­ÀÇ ÀÚ¼Õ(Son of David)ÀΠ(ÀÌ»ç¾ß 11,1-2¸¦ ÂüÁ¶Ç϶ó), 
±×¸®½ºµµ¿¡°Ô ¼ÓÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ ¼±¹°µéÀº ±×µéÀ» ¹ÞÀº ÀÚµéÀÇ ´ö(virtues)µéÀ» ¿Ï¼º½ÃÅ°°í
(complete) ±×¸®°í ¿Ï¹ÌÇÏ°Ô ÇÕ´Ï´Ù(perfect). ÀÌ ¼±¹°µéÀº ¿­½É ½ÅÀÚµéÀÌ ÇÏ´À´ÔÀÇ 
¿µ°¨µé¿¡ ±â²¨ÀÌ ¼øÁ¾ÇÏ°íÀÚ ÇÔ¿¡ ÀÖ¾î À¯¼øÇÏ°Ô ¸¸µì´Ï´Ù" 
[°¡Å縯 ±³È¸ ±³¸®¼­(Catechism of the Catholic Church)", Á¦1831Ç×].

-----
(*) ¹ø¿ªÀÚ ÁÖ: "piety(pietas)"¸¦, "°ø°æ/¹Þµê" ȤÀº "È¿°æ/È¿½É" µîÀ¸·Î ¹ø¿ªÇÏÁö 
¾Ê°í, ±× ÀÚ±¸Àû ¾îÀÇ(åÞëù)/ÀǹÌ(literal sense)¿¡ Ãæ½ÇÇÏ°Ô "°æÀÇ(Ì×ëò)/Á¸Áß(ðîñì)°ú ÇÔ²² 
´ç¿¬ÇÑ Àǹ«µé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Ãæ½Ç"
·Î ¹ø¿ªÇÑ ±Ù°Å/ÀÌÀ¯¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±ÛµéÀº ´ÙÀ½¿¡ ÀÖÀ¸´Ï 
Çʵ¶Ç϶ó:
http://ch.catholic.or.kr/pundang/4/soh/piety_concept_error.htm 
-----

¡¡

2nd Reading: Romans 15:4-9

The Example of Christ (Continuation)
-----------------------------------------------------
[4] For whatever was written in former days was written for our instruction, that
by steadfastness and by the encouragement of the scriptures we might have
hope. [5] May the God of steadfastness and encouragement grant you to live
in such harmony with one another, in accord with Christ Jesus, [6] that
together you may with one voice glorify the God and Father of our Lord Jesus
Christ.

[7] Welcome one another, therefore, as Christ has welcomed you, for the glory
of God. [8] For I tell you that Christ became a servant to the circumcised to
show God's truthfulness, in order to confirm the promises given to the patriarchs,
[9] and in order that the Gentiles might glorify God for his mercy. As it is written,
"Therefore I will praise thee among the Gentiles, and sing to thy name".

*********************************************************************************************
Commentary:

4. The excellence of Scripture and its sacred character derive from the fact that
God is its author. This means that there is a consistency and unity running right
through Sacred Scripture, a coherence which integrates both Testaments, Old
and New: the Old Testament contains--prophetically and by way of prefigurement
-- what happens in the New; and in the New the prophecy and prefigurement of
the Old are fulfilled. Since Scripture is the word of God, it is of the highest order:
"All scripture is inspired by God and profitable for teaching, for reproof, for
correction, and for training in righteousness, that the man of God may be
complete, equipped for every good work" (2 Tim 3:16). This strength and
authority of Scripture is useful not only for instruction in the faith but also for
enlivening our hope and consoling us in every kind of trial, interior and exterior:
the examples which we find in Scripture encourage us to be patient and also
spur us on to fight. By reflecting on those examples we become convinced that
if God asks sacrifice of "his own", he does so because he has a greater reward
in store for them.

These truths led the Second Vatican Council to teach that in "the sacred books
the Father who is in heaven comes lovingly to meet his children, and talks with
them. And such is the force and power of the word of God that it can serve the
Church as her support and vigor, and the children of the Church as strength for
their faith, food for the soul, and a pure and lasting fount of spiritual life" ("Dei
Verbum", 21).

8-13. "It was necessary that the word of God should be spoken first to you.
Since you thrust it from you, and judge yourselves unworthy of eternal life,
behold, we turn to the Gentiles. For so the Lord has commanded us" (Acts
13:46-47): this is what Paul and Barnabas said to Jews who opposed their
preaching. Christ himself said that he had been sent only to seek out the
lost sheep of the house of Israel, and that was the scope of the Apostles'
first mission (cf. Mt 15:24; 10:5). However, God's plans never discriminated
in favor of the Jews: they, once converted, were to preach the Good News to
the Gentiles. After the Resurrection, Jesus sent his disciples to all nations (cf.
Mt 28:18ff). Those who proclaimed the Gospel were Jews who had accepted
Christ, and they addressed their preaching first to Jews and then to Gentiles.

This present passage refers to the fulfillment of God's designs through Christ.
By becoming man God made good his promises to the Jews, kept faith with
them. By the entry of the Gentiles into the Church his mercy towards all men
is revealed, for his blessings are thereby extended to those who do not belong
to Israel according to the flesh. Our Lord explained this very graphically in the
parable of the two sons (Mt 21 :28- 32). He first calls the older son (the
Gentiles), who refuses to obey him and afterwards repents and accepts his
father's invitation and goes to work in the vineyard. The younger son (most of
the Jewish people), on the other hand, seems to be ready to do his father's
bidding but in fact does not. Many Jews were so hard of heart that not even
the repentance and conversion of the Gentiles moved them to repent.

Gospel Reading: Matthew 3:1-12

The Preaching of John the Baptist
-------------------------------------------------
[1] ln those days came John the Baptist, preaching in the wilderness of Judea,
[2] "Repent, for the kingdom of heaven is at hand." [3] For this is he who was
spoken of by the prophet Isaiah when he said, "The voice of one crying in the
wilderness: Prepare the way of the Lord, make his paths straight."

[4] Now John wore a garment of camel's hair, and a leather girdle around his
waist; and his food was locusts and wild honey. [5] Then went out to him
Jerusalem and all Judea and all the region about the Jordan, [6] and they were
baptized by him in the river Jordan, confessing their sins.

[7] But when he saw many of the Pharisees and Sadducees coming for baptism,
he said to them, "You brood of vipers! Who warned you to flee from the wrath to
come? [8] Bear fruit that befits repentance, [9] and do not presume to say to
yourselves, 'We have Abraham as our father' ; for I tell you, God is able from
these stones to raise up children to Abraham.' [10] Even now the axe is laid to
the root of the trees; every tree therefore that does not bear good fruit is cut
down and thrown into the fire.

[11] I baptize you with water for repentance, but he who is coming after me is
mightier than I, whose sandals I am not worthy to carry; he will baptize you with
the Holy Spirit and with fire. [12] His winnowing fork is in his hand, and he will
clear his threshing floor and gather his wheat into the granary, but the chaff he
will burn with unquenchable fire."

*********************************************************************************************
Commentary:

1. The expression "in those days" does not specify the exact time of the event
in question. It is sometimes used merely as an opening phrase to mark the 
beginning of a new episode. In this case, in fact, it can be calculated that some
twenty-five years have elapsed since the Holy Family's return from Egypt. This
is only an estimate, because the exact date of their return has not been
established.

1. "±× ¹«·Æ¿¡" ¶ó´Â Ç¥ÇöÀº ¹®Á¦ÀÇ »ç°ÇÀÇ Á¤È®ÇÑ ½Ã±â¸¦ ¸íÈ®È÷ ¸»ÇÏÁö ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù. 
ÀÌ°ÍÀº ¶§·Î´Â »õ ¿¡ÇǼҵåÀÇ ½ÃÀÛÀ» Ç¥½ÃÇϱâ À§ÇÑ ½ÃÀÛ ¹®±¸·Î¼­ ´ÜÁö »ç¿ëµË´Ï´Ù. 
ÀÌ °æ¿ì¿¡ ÀÖ¾î, »ç½ÇÀº, ÀÌ°ÍÀº ÀÌÁýÆ®·ÎºÎÅÍ ¼º°¡Á¤ÀÇ ±Íȯ ÀÌÈÄ ¾à 25³âÀÌ À̹̠
°æ°úÇÏ¿´´Ù°í °è»êµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº ´ÜÁö ¾î¸²Àε¥, ÀÌ´Â ±×µéÀÇ ±ÍȯÀÇ Á¤È®ÇÑ 
³¯Â¥´Â È®ÁõµÇÁö ¾Ê¾Ò±â ¶§¹®ÀÔ´Ï´Ù.


On the date of the start of John the Baptist's preaching, see Luke 3:1-3. The
word "wilderness" has a wider meaning here than we give it today. It does not
refer to a sandy or rocky desert, but rather to arid regions, low in vegetation.

¼¼·ÊÀÚ ¿äÇÑÀÇ ¼³±³ÀÇ ½ÃÀÛÀÏ¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿©¼­´Â, ·çÄ« º¹À½¼­ 3,1-3À» º¸½Ê½Ã¿À. "±¤¾ß
(wilderness)"
¶ó´Â ´Ü¾î´Â ¿ì¸®°¡ ¿À´Ã³¯ ÀÌ ´Ü¾î¿¡ ÁÖ°í ÀÖ´Â Àǹ̺¸´Ù ´õ ³ÐÀº 
Àǹ̸¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ ´Ü¾î´Â ¸ð·¡°¡ ¸¹°Å³ª ȤÀº ¹ÙÀ§°¡ ¸¹Àº »ç¸·(desert)À» 
¸»ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ
¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ¿ÀÈ÷·Á, Ãʸñ¿¡ ÀÖ¾î ÀûÀº, ¸Þ¸¶¸¥ Áö¿ªµéÀ» ¸»ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

2. "Repent": Christ's redeeming work ushers in a new era in the Kingdom of
God. This brings such advance in salvation history, that what is required from
now on is a radical change in man's behavior towards God. The coming of the
Kingdom means that God has intervened in a special way to save mankind,
but it also implies that we must be open to God's grace and reform our ways.
Christ's life on earth compels people to take a stand--either for God or against
him ("He who is not with me is against me, and he who does not gather with
me scatters": Lk 11:23). Given man's sinful state after original sin, the newly-
arrived Kingdom requires that all men repent of their past life. To put it another
way, they have to stop going away from God and instead try to get closer to
him. Since sin hinders this conversion, it is impossible to turn back to God
without performing acts of penance. Conversion is not simply a question of
making a good resolution to mend our ways; we have to fulfill that resolution,
even if we find it difficult. Penance grows only where there is humility--and
everyone should admit sincerely that he is a sinner (cf. 1 Jn 1 :8-10).
Obedience also goes hand in hand with penance; everyone ought to obey
God and keep his commandments (cf. 1 Jn 2:3-6).

2. "ȸ°³Ç϶ó": ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ ¼Ó·® À§¾÷(redeeming work)Àº ÇÏ´À´Ô ³ª¶ó ¾È¿¡¼­ 
»õ·Î¿î ½Ã´ëÀÇ µµ·¡¸¦ ¾Ë¸³´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ À§¾÷Àº ±¸¿ø ¿ª»ç¿¡ ÀÖ¾î, Áö±ÝºÎÅÍ °è¼Ó 
¿ä±¸µÇ´Â ¹Ù°¡ ÇÏ´À´ÔÀ» ÇâÇÑ »ç¶÷ÀÇ Ã³½Å¿¡ ÀÖ¾î ±Ùº»ÀûÀÎ º¯È­ÀÇ Á¤µµ·ÎÀÇ 
ÁøÀüÀ» °¡Á®´Ù ÁÝ´Ï´Ù.
ÀÌ ³ª¶óÀÇ µµ·¡´Â ÇÏ´À´Ô²²¼­ Àηù¸¦ ±¸ÇϽñâ À§ÇÏ¿© 
Ưº°ÇÑ ¹æ½ÄÀ¸·Î ÀÌ¹Ì °³ÀÔÇϼÌÀ½À» ¶æÇϳª, ±×·¯³ª ÀÌ µµ·¡´Â ¶ÇÇÑ ¿ì¸®°¡ 
ÇÏ´À´ÔÀÇ ÀºÃÑ¿¡ °³¹æµÇ¾î ÀÖ¾î¾ß ÇÏ¸ç ±×¸®°í ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ½À°ü(ways)µéÀ» °íÃľߠ
ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Áö»ó¿¡¼­ÀÇ ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ »îÀº »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ÇÏ´À´Ô¿¡ Âù¼ºÇϰųª ȤÀº 
´ç½Å²² ¹Ý´ëÇÏ´Â ÀÔÀåÀ» ÃëÇϵµ·Ï °­¿äÇÕ´Ï´Ù
("³» Æí¿¡ ¼­Áö ¾Ê´Â ÀÚ´Â ³ª¸¦ 
¹Ý´ëÇÏ´Â ÀÚ°í, ³ª¿Í ÇÔ²² ¸ð¾ÆµéÀÌÁö ¾Ê´Â ÀÚ´Â Èð¾î ¹ö¸®´Â ÀÚ´Ù": ·çÄ« º¹À½¼­ 
11,23). ¿øÁË ÀÌÈÄ·Î ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ÁË ¸¹Àº »óŸ¦ °í·ÁÇϸé(given), »õ·Ó°Ô 
´çµµÇÏ°Ô µÈ ÀÌ ³ª¶ó´Â ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ÀڽŵéÀÇ °ú°ÅÀÇ »î¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© ȸ°³ÇÒ
(repent) °ÍÀ» ¿ä±¸ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ´Ù¸¥ ¹æ½ÄÀ¸·Î Ç¥ÇöÇÏ¿©, ±×µéÀº ÇÏ´À´ÔÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ 
¸Ö¾îÁö´Â °ÍÀ» ±×¸¸µÎ¾î¾ß Çϸ砱׸®°í ´ë½Å¿¡ ´ç½Å²² ´õ °¡±îÀÌ °¡°Ô µÇ°íÀÚ 
³ë·ÂÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ÁË°¡ ÀÌ·¯ÇѠȸ½É(conversion)À» ¹æÇØÇϹǷÎ, ÂüȸÀÇ ÇàÀ§
(acts of penance)µéÀ» ¼öÇàÇÔ ¾øÀÌ ÇÏ´À´Ô²²·Î µÇµ¹¾Æ°¡´Â °ÍÀº ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÕ´Ï´Ù. 
ȸ½É(conversion)Àº ´Ü¼øÈ÷ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ½À°üµéÀ» °íÄ¡±â À§ÇÑ ÁÁÀº °á½ÉÀ» ÇÔ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ 
¹®Á¦°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¸ç, ¿ì¸®´Â ±×·¯ÇÑ °á½ÉÀ», ½ÉÁö¾î ±×°ÍÀÌ ¾î·Æ´Ù°í ÇÏ´õ¶óµµ, 
½ÇÇöÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Âüȸ´Â °â¼ÕÀÌ ÀÖ´Â °÷¿¡¼­ ¿À·ÎÁö ÀÚ¶ó±â¿¡, ±×¸®ÇÏ¿© ¸ðµç 
À̴  ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ ÁËÀÎÀÓÀ» Áø½Ç·Î ÀÎÁ¤ÇÏ¿©¾ß¸¸ ÇÕ´Ï´Ù 
(1¿äÇÑ 1,8-10À» ÂüÁ¶Ç϶ó). 
¼ø¸í(obedience)Àº ¶ÇÇÑ Âüȸ(penance)¿Í ¼ÕÀ» ¸ÂÀâ°í °¡±â¿¡, ±×¸®ÇÏ¿© ¸ðµç 
ÀÌ´Â ÇÏ´À´Ô²² ¼ø¸íÇÏ¿©¾ß¸¸ ÇÏ¸ç ±×¸®°í ´ç½ÅÀÇ °è¸íµéÀ» ÁöÄѾ߸¸ ÇÕ´Ï´Ù 
(1¿äÇÑ 2,3-6À» ÂüÁ¶Ç϶ó).


The literal translation of the Greek is "Repent". But precisely because the very
essence of conversion consists in doing penance, as we have said, the New
Vulgate has "paenitentiam agite" ("do penance"). This translation conveys the
deeper meaning of the text.

ÀÌ ±×¸®½º¾îÀÇ Á÷¿ª ¹ø¿ªÀº "ȸ°³Ç϶ó(Repent)"ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯³ª Á¤È®ÇÏ°Ô, ȸ½ÉÀÇ 
¹Ù·Î ±× ÇÙ½ÉÀÌ Âüȸ¸¦ ÇÏ´Â µ¥¿¡ Àֱ⠶§¹®¿¡, ÀÌ¹Ì ¿ì¸®°¡ ¸»ÇÏ¿´µíÀÌ, »õ ¶óƾ¾î 
ºÒ°¡Å¸ ¼º°æÀº
"paenitentiam agite" ("do penance")¸¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ ¹ø¿ªÀº 
º»¹®ÀÇ ´õ ±íÀº Àǹ̸¦ Àü´ÞÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

Man's whole life, in fact, consists in constantly correcting his behavior, and
therefore implies a continual doing of penance. This turning back to God was
preached continually by the prophets in the Old Testament. Now, however, with
the coming of Christ, this penance and turning to God are absolutely essential.
That Christ took on our sins and suffered for us does not excuse us from
making a true conversion; on the contrary, it demands it of us (cf. Col 1:24).

»ç¶÷ÀÇ Àüü »îÀº, »ç½ÇÀº, º¯ÇÔ¾øÀÌ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ Ã³½ÅÀ» ¹Ù·ÎÀâ´Â µ¥¿¡ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, 
±×¸®ÇÏ¿© ±× °á°ú·Î ²÷ÀÓ¾øÀÌ Âüȸ¸¦ ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ¶æÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ÇÏ´À´Ô²²·Î ÀÌ·¸°Ô µÇµ¹¾Æ 
°¡´Â °ÍÀº ±¸¾à ¼º°æÀÇ ¿¹¾ðÀڵ鿡 ÀÇÇÏ¿© ²÷ÀÓ¾øÀÌ ¼³±³µÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÀÌÁ¦ 
±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ ¿À½É°ú ÇÔ²², ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Âüȸ ¹× ÇÏ´À´Ô²²·Î µ¹¾Æ°¨Àº Àý´ëÀûÀ¸·Î ÇʼöÀû
ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ±×¸®½ºµµ²²¼­ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ Á˵éÀ» °¡Áö°í °¡¼ÌÀ¸¸ç ±×¸®°í ¿ì¸®¸¦ À§ÇÏ¿© °í³­À» 
°ÞÀ¸¼ÌÀ½Àº ÂüµÈ ȸ½ÉÀ» ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ¿ì¸®¸¦ ¸éÁ¦½ÃÅ°Áö ¾ÊÀ¸¸ç, ÀÌ¿Í´Â ´Þ¸®, 
¿ì¸®¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© ÀÌ°ÍÀ» ¿ä±¸ÇÕ´Ï´Ù
(Äݷλõ 1,24¸¦ º¸¶ó).


"Kingdom of heaven": this expression is identical to "Kingdom of God". The
former is the one most used by St Matthew, and is more in line with the Jewish
turn of phrase. Out of reverence, the Jews avoided pronouncing the name 
God and substituted other words for it, as in this case. "Kingdom of God" or
"Kingdom of heaven" was a concept used already in the Old Testament and in
religious circles at the time of Christ. But it occurs particularly frequently in
Jesus' preaching.

"ÇÏ´Ã ³ª¶ó": ÀÌ Ç¥ÇöÀº "ÇÏ´À´Ô ³ª¶ó"¿Í µ¿ÀÏÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ÀüÀÚ´Â ¼º ¸¶Å¿À¿¡ 
ÀÇÇÏ¿© °¡Àå ¸¹ÀÌ »ç¿ëµÇ¾úÀ¸¸ç, ±×¸®°í À¯´ÙÀεéÀÇ ¸»Åõ Ç¥Çö°ú ´õ ÀÏÄ¡ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. 
°æ¿ÜÇÏ´Â ¸¶À½¿¡¼­, À¯´ÙÀεéÀº ÇÏ´À´ÔÀ̶ó´Â À̸§À» ¹ßÀ½ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ȸÇÇÇÏ¿´±â¿¡, 
ÀÌ °æ¿ì¿¡ À־ó·³, ÀÌ À̸§ ´ë½Å¿¡ ´Ù¸¥ Ç¥ÇöµéÀ» ´ëÀÔÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù. 
"ÇÏ´À´Ô ³ª¶ó" Áï "ÇÏ´Ã ³ª¶ó"´Â ±¸¾à ¼º°æ¿¡¼­ ±×¸®°í ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ ½Ã±â¿¡ 
Á¾±³ Áý´Üµé¿¡¼­ ÀÌ¹Ì »ç¿ëµÇ¾ú´ø °³³äÀ̾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¿¹¼ö´ÔÀÇ ¼³±³¿¡ 
ƯÈ÷ ÀÚÁÖ ³ªÅ¸³³´Ï´Ù.


The phrase "Kingdom of God" can refer in a general way to God's dominion over
creatures; but normally, as in this text, it refers to God's sovereign and merciful
involvement in the life of his people. Man's rebellion and sin broke the order
originally established in creation. To re-establish it, God's intervention was
needed again; this consisted in the redeeming work of Christ, Messiah and Son
of God. It was preceded by a series of preliminary stages in salvation history
throughout the Old Testament.

"ÇÏ´À´Ô ³ª¶ó"¶ó´Â ¾î±¸´Â ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ ¹æ½ÄÀ¸·Î ÇÇÁ¶¹°µé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÇÏ´À´ÔÀÇ 
ÅëÄ¡¸¦ ¾ð±ÞÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù¸¸, ±×·¯³ª Åë»óÀûÀ¸·Î, ÀÌ º»¹®¿¡¼­Ã³·³, ÀÌ°ÍÀº 
´ç½Å ¹é¼ºÀÇ »î¿¡ ÀÖ¾î ÇÏ´À´ÔÀÇ Å¹¿ùÇÑ ±×¸®°í ÀÚºñ·Î¿î °³ÀÔÀ» ¸»ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. 
»ç¶÷ÀÇ ¹Ý¶õ°ú ÁË´Â ¾ÖÃÊ¿¡ âÁ¶ ¾È¿¡ ¼³Á¤µÇ¾ú´ø Áú¼­¸¦ ±úµå·È½À´Ï´Ù. 
ÀÌ°ÍÀ» Àç¼³Á¤Çϱâ À§ÇÏ¿©, ÇÏ´À´ÔÀÇ °³ÀÔÀÌ ÇÑ ¹ø ´õ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç, 
±×¸®°í ÀÌ °³ÀÔÀº ¸Þ½Ã¾ÆÀ̽øç ÇÏ´À´ÔÀÇ ¾Æµå´ÔÀ̽Å, ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ ¼Ó·® 
À§¾÷ ¾È¿¡ Á¸ÀçÇÕ´Ï´Ù. 
ÀÌ°ÍÀº ±¸¾à ¼º°æ Àü¹Ý¿¡ °ÉÃÄ ±¸¿ø ¿ª»ç(salvation 
history) ¾È¿¡¼­ ÀÏ·ÃÀÇ »çÀü Áغñ ´Ü°èµé¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© ½ÃÀ۵ǾîÁ³½À´Ï´Ù.


Consequently, the Kingdom of God, announced as imminent by John the Baptist,
is brought into being by Jesus. However, this is an entirely spiritual one and does
not have the nationalistic dimension expected by Jesus' contemporaries. He
comes to save his people and all mankind from the slavery of sin, from death and\
from the devil, thereby opening up the way of salvation.

±× °á°ú·Î¼­, ¼¼·ÊÀÚ ¿äÇÑ¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© °ð ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀ̶ó°í 
¼±Æ÷µÇ¾ú´ø,
ÇÏ´À´Ô ³ª¶ó´Â ¿¹¼ö´Ô¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© Á¸ÀçÇÏ°Ô 
µË´Ï´Ù.
±×·¯³ª ÀÌ ³ª¶ó´Â ÀüÀûÀ¸·Î ¿µÀûÀÎ °ÍÀ̱⿡ ¿¹¼ö´ÔÀÇ µ¿½Ã´ëÀε鿡 
ÀÇÇÏ¿© ¿¹»óµÇ¾ú´ø ¹ÎÁ·ÁÖÀÇÀû Â÷¿øÀ» °¡ÁöÁö
¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù.
 ´ç½Å²²¼­´Â ´ç½ÅÀÇ 
¹é¼º°ú ¸ðµç Àηù¸¦ ÁËÀÇ ³ë¿¹ »óÅ·κÎÅÍ, Á×À½À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ±×¸®°í ¾Ç¸¶·ÎºÎÅÍ, 
±¸Çϱâ À§ÇÏ¿© ¿À½Ã´Âµ¥, ±× °á°ú·Î ±¸¿øÀÇ ±æÀ» ¿­¾îÁֽʴϴÙ.


In the period between the first and second comings of Christ, this Kingdom of
God (or Kingdom of heaven) is, in fact, the Church. The Church makes Christ (and
therefore also God) present among all peoples and calls them to eternal salvation.
The Kingdom of God will be brought to completion only at the end of this world,
that is, when our Lord comes to judge the living and the dead at the end of time.
Then God will reign over the blessed in a perfect way.

±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ Ã¹ ¹ø° ¹× µÎ ¹ø° ¿À½É »çÀÌÀÇ ½Ã±â¿¡ ÀÖ¾î, ÀÌ ÇÏ´À´Ô ³ª¶ó
(Áï ÇÏ´Ã ³ª¶ó)´Â, »ç½ÇÀº, ±³È¸¸¦ ¸»ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
±³È¸´Â ¸ðµç ¹é¼ºµé »çÀÌ¿¡ 
±×¸®½ºµµ²²¼­ (±×¸®°í µû¶ó¼­ ¶ÇÇÑ ÇÏ´À´Ô²²¼­) ÇöÁ¸ÇÏ°Ô ÇÏ½Ã¸ç ±×¸®°í À̵éÀ» 
¿µ¿øÇÑ ±¸¿øÀ¸·Î ÃÊ´ëÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ÇÏ´À´Ô ³ª¶ó´Â ÀÌ ¼¼»óÀÇ ³¡¿¡, Áï ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ÁÖ´Ô²²¼­ 
»ê ÀÚµé°ú Á×Àº ÀÚµéÀ» ½ÉÆÇÇÏ·¯ ¿À½Ç ¶§ÀÎ ½Ã°£ÀÇ ³¡¿¡¸¸ ¿À·ÎÁö ¿Ï¼º(completion)¿¡ 
µµ´ÞÇÏ°Ô µÉ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯°í ³ª¼­ ÇÏ´À´Ô²²¼­´Â ¿Ï¹ÌÇÑ ¹æ½Ä(a perfect way)À¸·Î 
º¹ ¹ÞÀº ÀÚ(the blessed)µéÀ» ÅëÄ¡ÇÏ½Ç °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù.


-----
¹ø¿ªÀÚ ÁÖ: ¿¹¼ö´Ô²²¼­ °ø»ýÈ° Ãʱ⿡ ¼±Æ÷ÇϽŠ"ÇÏ´À´ÔÀÇ ³ª¶ó[the Kingdom of God, 
Áï ÇÏ´Ã ³ª¶ó(the Kingdom of Heaven)]"¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹ø¿ªÀÚÀÇ ¾È³» ¹× ±³È² ¿äÇÑ ¹Ù¿À·Î 
2¼¼ÀÇ ±³¸® ±³À°¿ë ÀÏ¹Ý ¾ËÇö °­·Ð ¸»¾¸µéÀÇ ¸ðÀ½Àº ´ÙÀ½¿¡ ÀÖÀ¸´Ï, º°µµÀÇ ½Ã°£À» 
³»¾î¼­¶óµµ Â÷ºÐÈ÷ ²À Àеµ·Ï Ç϶ó:

http://ch.catholic.or.kr/pundang/4/soh/894.htm
(Ŭ¸¯ÇϽʽÿÀ)
-----


In the passage we are considering, John the Baptist, the last of the Old
Testament prophets, preaches the imminence of the Kingdom of God, ushered
in by the coming of the Messiah.

¿ì¸®°¡ °íÂûÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â ÀÌ ±¸Àý¿¡¼­, ±¸¾à ¼º°æ ¿¹¾ðÀÚµé ÁßÀÇ ¸¶Áö¸· ¿¹¾ðÀÚÀΠ
¼¼·ÊÀÚ ¿äÇÑÀº, ¸Þ½Ã¾ÆÀÇ ¿À½É¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© ¿¹°íµÇ´Â, ÇÏ´À´Ô ³ª¶óÀÇ ±Þ¹ÚÇÔÀ» 
¼³±³ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

3. By quoting Isaiah 40:3, St Matthew makes it clear that St John the Baptis
has a mission as a prophet. This mission has two purposes--first, to prepare the
people to receive the Kingdom of God; second, to testify before the people that
Jesus is the Messiah who is bringing that Kingdom.

3. ÀÌ»ç¾ß¼­ 30,3À» ÀοëÇÔÀ¸·Î½á, ¼º ¸¶Å¿À´Â ¼¼·ÊÀÚ ¼º ¿äÇÑÀÌ ¿¹¾ðÀڷμ­ ÀÓ¹«¸¦ 
°¡Áö·Î ÀÖÀ½À» ºÐ¸íÇÏ°Ô ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ ÀÓ¹«´Â µÎ °¡Áö ¸ñÀûµéÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ù ¹ø°, 
»ç¶÷µéÀÌ ÇÏ´À´Ô ³ª¶ó¸¦ ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀ̵µ·Ï ÁغñÇÏ°Ô ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ̸ç, ±×¸®°í µÎ ¹ø°, »ç¶÷µé 
¾Õ¿¡¼­ ¿¹¼ö´Ô²²¼­ ¹Ù·Î ÀÌ ³ª¶ó¸¦ °¡Á®¿À½Ç ºÐÀ̽Š¸Þ½Ã¾ÆÀ̽ÉÀ» Áõ¾ðÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù.


4. The Gospel gives a brief outline of the extremely austere life of St John the
Baptist. His style of life is in line with that of certain Old Testament prophets and
is particularly reminiscent of Elijah (cf. 2 Kings 1:8; 2:8-13ff.). The kind of food
and dress described are of the most rudimentary for the region in question. The
locust was a kind of grasshopper; the wild honey probably refers to substances
excreted by certain local shrubs rather than to bees' honey. In view of the immi-
nent coming of the Messiah, John underlines, with his example, the attitude of
penance preceding great religious festivals (similarly, in its Advent liturgy the
Church puts John before us as a model and invites us to practise mortification
and penance). In this way, the point made in the previous verse (concerning
John's view of his mission as precursor of Christ) is fulfilled. A Christian's entire
life is a preparation for his meeting with Christ. Consequently, mortification and
penance play a significant part in his life.

4. ÀÌ º¹À½¼­´Â ¼¼·ÊÀÚ ¼º ¿äÇÑÀÇ ±Øµµ·Î ±Ý¿åÀûÀÎ »î¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °£·«ÇÑ À±°ûÀ» Á¦°øÇÕ´Ï´Ù. 
±×ÀÇ »îÀÇ ¾ç½ÄÀº ¸î¸î ±¸¾à ¼º°æ ¿¹¾ðÀÚµéÀÇ »î°ú ÀÏÄ¡¸¦ ÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç
 ±×¸®°í 
ƯÈ÷ [¿¹¾ðÀÚ]
¿¤¸®¾ß¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© »ý°¢³ª°Ô ÇÕ´Ï´Ù(2¿­¿Õ 1,8; 2,8-13 ¹× À̾îÁö´Â 
¸î °³ÀÇ ÀýµéÀ» ÂüÁ¶Ç϶ó). ¹¦»çµÈ À½½Ä°ú ÀǺ¹ÀÇ Á¾·ù´Â ¹®Á¦ÀÇ ±× Áö¿ª¿¡ ÀÖ¾î °¡Àå 
ÇʼöÀûÀΠ°Íµé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. locust´Â ÀÏÁ¾ÀÇ ¸Þ¶Ñ±â(a grasshopper)¿´À¸¸ç
(*)
±×¸®°í µé²Ü(the wild honey)´Â ¹ú²Ü(bees' honey)¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¾ð±ÞÀ̶ó±â º¸´Ù´Â ¾Æ¸¶µµ 
±× Áö¿ªÀÇ ¸î¸î Å° ÀÛÀº ³ª¹«(shrubs)µé¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© ºÐºñµÈ ¹°Áú(substances)µé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ 
¾ð±ÞÀÏ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
 Á¶¸¸°£ ¸Þ½Ã¾ÆÀÇ ¿À½ÉÀ» °í·ÁÇÏ¿©, ¿äÇÑÀº, ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ º»º¸±â(example)¿Í 
ÇÔ²², Ä¿´Ù¶õ Á¾±³Àû ÃàÁ¦µé¿¡ ¾Õ¼­´Â ÂüȸÀÇ Åµµ¸¦ °­Á¶ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. (¸¶Âù°¡Áö·Î, ±³È¸´Â 
ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ´ë¸² Àü·Ê·Â ¾È¿¡¼­ ¿äÇÑÀ» ÇϳªÀÇ ±Í°¨À¸·Î¼­ ¿ì¸®µé ¾Õ¿¡ ¹èÄ¡ÇÏ¸ç ±×¸®°í 
¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô ±Ý¿å(mortification)°ú Âüȸ(penance)À» ½ÇÇàÇÒ °ÍÀ» ±ÇÀ¯ÇÕ´Ï´Ù). ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ 
¹æ½ÄÀ¸·Î, (±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ ¼±±¸Àڷμ­ÀÇ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÀÓ¹«¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿äÇÑÀÇ °ßÇØ¿¡ °üÇÏ¿©) ¾ÕÀÇ 
Àý¿¡¼­ ¼³Á¤µÇ¾ú´ø ¿äÁö°¡ ±¸ÇöµË´Ï´Ù. ±×¸®½ºµµÀÎÀÇ »î Àüü´Â ±×¸®½ºµµ¿Í ÀڽŰúÀÇ 
¸¸³²À» À§ÇÑ ÁغñÀÔ´Ï´Ù. µû¶ó¼­, ±Ý¿å°ú Âüȸ´Â ¼¼·ÊÀÚ ¿äÇÑÀÇ »î¿¡ ÀÖ¾î Áß¿äÇÑ 
¿ªÇÒÀ» Â÷ÁöÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

-----
¹ø¿ªÀÚ ÁÖ:
(*) À§ÀÇ Çؼ³¿¡¼­ locust¸¦ Ç®¹ç¿¡ ¶Ù³ë´Â ¸Þ¶Ñ±â(a grasshopper)ÀÏ °ÍÀ̶ó°í ¼³¸íÇÏ°í 
ÀÖÀ¸³ª, ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ ÀÚ·áµé¿¡ ÀÇÇϸé Ä«·Ó(Carob) ³ª¹«ÀÇ ¿­¸Å¸¦ ¸»ÇÑ´Ù°í ÇÑ´Ù:

(i) ·çÄ« º¹À½¼­ 516¿¡¼­ ¡®µÅÁöµéÀÌ ¸Ô´Â ¿­¸Å ²¿Åõ¸®¡¯¿¡ À־ÀÇ  ¿­¸Å´Â, ÁöÁßÇØ ¿¬¾ÈÀÇ 
Áã¾ö³ª¹« ºñ½ÁÇÑ Äá°úÀÇ ³ª¹«ÀÎ, Ä«·Ó ³ª¹«(Carob treee)ÀÇ ¿­¸Å¸¦ ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ ³ª¹«¿Í 
ÀÌ ³ª¹«ÀÇ ¿­¸Å¿¡ ´ëÇÑ »çÁø ¹× ¼³¸íÀº ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ ÀÚ·áµé¿¡ ÀÖÀ¸´Ï 
Âü°íÇ϶ó: 
Âü°í ÀÚ·á 1:
http://ch.catholic.or.kr/pundang/4/bible_food/carobs.htm 
Âü°í ÀÚ·á 2:
http://ch.catholic.or.kr/pundang/4/bible_food/carob_tree.htm 
(ii) ±×·±µ¥, À§ÀÇ ÀÚ·áµé ¹× ´ÙÀ½ ÀÚ·áÀÇ Á¦47ÂÊ ¼³¸í¿¡ ÀÇÇϸé, ¸¶Å¿À º¹À½¼­ 3,4 ¹× 
¸¶¸£ÄÚ º¹À½¼­ 1,6¿¡¼­ ¼¼·ÊÀÚ ¿äÇÑÀÌ ¸Ô¾ú´Ù´Â ¡®¸Þ¶Ñ±â(locusts)¡¯µéÀº, ¡®¼¼·ÊÀÚ ¿äÇÑÀÇ »§
(St. John's bread)¡¯·Îµµ ¾Ë·ÁÁ® ÀÖ´Â, ÀÌ ³ª¹«ÀÇ ¿­¸ÅµéÀ̾ú´Ù°í ÇÑ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ÀÌ ³ª¹«´Â 
¶ÇÇÑ ¡®¸Þ¶Ñ±â ³ª¹«(locust tree)¡¯·Îµµ ºÒ¸°´Ù°í ÇÑ´Ù. ±×¸®½º¾î·Î ¹ø¿ªµÈ ¡®locusts¡¯´Â 
¡®¸Þ¶Ñ±â(grasshoppers)¡¯µéÀ̶ó±âº¸´Ù´Â ¡®Ä«·Ó ³ª¹« ¿­¸ÅµéÀÇ ²¿Åõ¸®(carob pods)¡¯µéÀ» 
¸»ÇÒ °ÍÀ̶ó°í ÇÑ´Ù.
Âü°í ÀÚ·á 3: Food at the time of the Bible, pp. 47-48, Miriam Feinberg Vamosh, Palphot Ltd.
(iii) ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ Merriam Webster's On Line DictionaryÀÇ locust ´Ü¾î¿¡ ´ëÇÑ »çÀüÀû ¼³¸í¿¡ 
ÀÖ¾î, Ä«·Ó ³ª¹«(carob)¸¦ ¸»ÇÑ´Ù´Â ¼³¸íÀÌ ¶ÇÇÑ ÇÑ Ç׸ñÀ¸·Î ÁÖ¾îÁ® ÀÖ´Ù:
Âü°í ÀÚ·á 4:
http://ch.catholic.or.kr/pundang/4/mw/locust.htm 
-----

6. John's baptism did not have the power to cleanse the soul from sin as
Christian Baptism does. The latter is a sacrament, a sign, which produces the
grace it signifies. Concerning the value of John's baptism, see the note on Mt
3:11.

6. ¼¼·ÊÀÚ ¿äÇÑ¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ È¸°³ÀÇ ¼¼·Ê(John's baptism of repentance)´Â, ±×¸®½ºµµ±³ÀÇ 
¼¼·Ê°¡ °¡Áö°í ÀÖµíÀÌ, ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ¿µÈ¥(soul)À» ÁË(sin)·ÎºÎÅÍ Á¤°áÇÏ°Ô ÇÏ´Â Èû(power)À» 
°¡Áö°í ÀÖÁö
¾Ê¾Ò½À´Ï´Ù. ÈÄÀÚ´Â ÇϳªÀÇ ¼º»ç(sacrament)À̸ç, ÇϳªÀÇ Ç¥Â¡(sign)Àε¥, 
ÀÌ Ç¥Â¡Àº ±×°ÍÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³»´Â ÀºÃÑÀ» »êÃâÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ¼¼·ÊÀÚ ¿äÇÑÀÇ ¼¼·ÊÀÇ °¡Ä¡¿¡ °üÇÏ¿©¼­´Â, 

¸¶Å¿À º¹À½¼­ 3,11¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÁÖ¼®À» º¸½Ê½Ã¿À.


7. St John reproaches the Pharisees and Sadducees for their attitude towards
him. His preaching and baptism are not simply one more purification rite. Rather,
they demand a true interior conversion of the soul, as a necessary predisposition
to reach the grace of faith in Jesus. In the light of this explanation, we can
understand why the prophetic words of St John the Baptist were so hard-hitting;
as it turned out, most of these people did not accept Jesus as the Messiah.

7. ¼¼·ÊÀÚ ¼º ¿äÇÑÀº ¹Ù¸®»çÀÌÆĵé°ú »çµÎ°¡ÀÌÆĵéÀ», ÀÚ½ÅÀ» ÇâÇÑ ±×µéÀÇ Åµµ ¶§¹®¿¡,  
ºñ³­ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ±×ÀÇ ¼³±³¿Í ¼¼·Ê´Â ´Ü¼øÈ÷ ¶Ç ÇϳªÀÇ Á¤È­ ÀǽÄ(purification rite)ÀÌ 
¾Æ´Õ´Ï´Ù. À̺¸´Ù´Â, À̵éÀº, ¿¹¼ö´Ô¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹ÏÀ½¿¡ ±âÀÎÇÏ´Â ÀºÃÑ¿¡ µµ´ÞÇϱâ À§ÇÏ¿© 
ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ¼ºÇ×(predisposition)À¸·Î¼­, ¿µÈ¥ÀÇ ÂüµÈ ³»¸éÀû ȸ½ÉÀ» ¿ä±¸ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ 
¼³¸í¿¡ ºñÃß¾î, ¿ì¸®´Â
¼¼·ÊÀÚ ¼º ¿äÇÑÀÇ ¿¹¾ðÀڷμ­ÀÇ Ç¥ÇöµéÀÌ ¿Ö ±×¸®µµ °­·ÂÇÏ¿´´øÁö
(so hard-hitting)¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© ÀÌÇØÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ±×¸®°í, ³ªÁß¿¡ ±×·¸°Ô µå·¯³µµíÀÌ, 
ÀÌµé »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ´ëºÎºÐÀº ¿¹¼ö´ÔÀ» ¸Þ½Ã¾Æ·Î¼­ ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀÌÁö ¾Ê¾Ò½À´Ï´Ù.  


"Pharisees": these constituted the most important religious group in Jesus'' time.
They kept the Law of Moses rigorously and also the oral traditions which had built
up around it. They gave as much importance to these latter, indeed, as to the Law
itself. They strongly opposed the influence of Greek paganism and totally rejected
the homage paid to the Roman emperor. Among them there were men of great
spiritual eminence and sincere piety; but there were many others who exaggerated
pharisaical religiosity to the extreme of fanaticism, pride and hypocrisy. It was this
perversion of the true Israelite religion that John the Baptist (and later our Lord)
castigated.

"¹Ù¸®»çÀÌÆÄ": À̵éÀº ¿¹¼ö´Ô²²¼­ È°µ¿ÇϽôø ½Ã±â¿¡ °¡Àå Áß¿äÇÑ Á¾±³ Áý´Ü(religious 
group)À̾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ±×µéÀº
¸ð¼¼ À²¹ý(the law of Moses)À» ¾ö°ÝÈ÷ ÁöÄ×À¸¸ç ±×¸®°í 
¶ÇÇÑ ¸ð¼¼ À²¹ýÀÇ ÁÖº¯¿¡ ÀÌ¹Ì Çü¼ºµÇ¾î ÀÖ¾ú´ø
±¸Àü(oral traditions)µéÀ» ¾ö°ÝÈ÷ 
ÁöÄ×½À´Ï´Ù. ±×µéÀº ¸ð¼¼ÀÇ À²¹ý ÀÚü¸¦ Áß¿äÇÏ°Ô »ý°¢ÇÑ °Íº¸´Ù ±¸Àü¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ÀüÅëµéÀ» 
ÈξÀ ´õ Áß¿äÇÏ°Ô »ý°¢ÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù.
±×µéÀº ±×¸®½º ´Ù½Å±³ÁÖÀÇ(Greek paganism)ÀÇ ¿µÇâ¿¡ 
´ëÇÏ¿© ¸Å¿ì °­ÇÏ°Ô ¹Ý´ëÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç ±×¸®°í ·Î¸¶ Á¦±¹¿¡ ¹ÙÃÄÁ³´ø Ã漺¼­¾à(homage)À» 
ÀüÀûÀ¸·Î °ÅºÎÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù. ±×µé Áß¿¡´Â Å©°Ô ¿µÀûÀ¸·Î Ź¿ùÇÑ ÀÚµé ±×¸®°í Áø½Ç·Î °æ°ÇÇÑ 
Àڵ鵵 ÀÖ¾úÀ¸³ª, ±¤½Å(fanaticism), ±³¸¸(pride), ±×¸®°í À§¼±(hypocrisy)°ú °°Àº ±Ø´Ü¿¡ 
À̸¦ Á¤µµ·Î Çü½ÄÁÖÀÇÀû ½Å¾Ó(pharisaical religiosity)À¸·Î °úÀåÇÏ´Â ´Ù¸¥ Àڵ鵵 ¸¹ÀÌ 
ÀÖ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù.
¼¼·ÊÀÚ ¿äÇÑ(±×¸®°í ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ÁÖ´Ô)ÀÌ È¤ÆòÇÏ¿´´ø(castigate) °ÍÀº ÂüµÈ À̽º¶ó¿¤ 
½Å¾Ó(Israelite religion)¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹Ù·Î ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¿Ö°î(perversion)À̾ú½À´Ï´Ù. 


"Sadducees": the Sadducees constituted a smaller religious group than the
Pharisees, but they included many influential people, most of them from the
main priestly families. They accepted the written Law, but, unlike the Pharisees,
they rejected oral tradition. They also rejected certain important truths, such as
the resurrection of the dead.

"»çµÎ°¡ÀÌÆÄ(Sadducees)":  »çµÎ°¡ÀÌÆÄ´Â ¹Ù¸®»çÀÌÆÄ(Pharisees)º¸´Ù´Â ÀÛÀº Á¾±³ 
Áý´ÜÀ̾úÀ¸³ª, ±×·¯³ª ÁÖµÈ »çÁ¦ Áý¾È(priest families) Ãâ½Åµé·Î ÀÌ·ç¾îÁø, ¿µÇâ·ÂÀ» 
°¡Áø ¸¹Àº »ç¶÷µéÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù. ±×µéÀº ±â·ÏµÈ À²¹ý(the written Law)À» ¹Þ¾Æµé¿´À¸³ª, 
±×·¯³ª ¹Ù¸®»çÀÌÆĵé°ú´Â ´Þ¸®, ±¸Àü(oral tradition)À» °ÅºÎÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù. ±×µéÀº ¶ÇÇÑ, 
Á×Àº À̵éÀÇ ºÎÈ°(resurrection of the dead)°ú °°Àº, ¸î¸î Áß¿äÇÑ Áø½ÇµéÀ» °ÅºÎÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù. 


On the political front, they went along easily with the terms dictated by the
Romans, and they acquiesced in the introduction of pagan customs into the
country .Their opposition to Christ was even more pronounced than that of the
Pharisees.

Á¤Ä¡ÀûÀΠŵµ¿¡ ÀÖ¾î, ±×µéÀº ·Î¸¶ ±º´ë¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© Æ÷°íµÈ ±ÔÁ¤µéÀ» ½±°Ô ¼ö¿ëÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç, 
±×¸®°í ±× Áö¿ª¿¡ ´Ù½Å±³ dz½À(pagan customs)ÀÌ µé¾î¿À´Â °ÍÀ» ¹¬ÀÎÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù. 
±×¸®½ºµµ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±×µéÀÇ ¹Ý´ë´Â ¹Ù¸®»çÀÌÆÄÀÇ ¹Ý´ëº¸´Ù ÈξÀ ´õ °­ÇÏ°Ô Ç¥¸íµÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù.


9-10. St John the Baptist's listeners believe their salvation is assured because
they are descendants of Abraham according to the flesh. But St John warns
them that to pass God's judgment it is not enough to belong to the chosen people;
they must also yield the good fruit of a holy life. If they fail to do this, they will be
thrown into the fire, that is, into hell, the eternal punishment, because they did not
do penance for their sins. See the note on Mt 25:46.

9-10. ¼¼·ÊÀÚ ¼º ¿äÇÑÀÇ Ã»ÁßµéÀº,  ÀڽŵéÀÌ À°¿¡ µû¸¥ ¾Æºê¶óÇÔÀÇ ÈļյéÀ̱⠶§¹®¿¡, 
ÀڽŵéÀÇ ±¸¿øÀÌ º¸ÀåµÈ´Ù°í ¹Ï°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯³ª
¼º ¿äÇÑÀº ÇÏ´À´ÔÀÇ ½ÉÆÇÀ» Åë°úÇϱâ 
À§ÇÏ¿© ¼±ÅÃµÈ ¹é¼º¿¡ ¼ÓÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ÃæºÐÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Ù°í ±×µé¿¡°Ô °æ°íÇϴµ¥, ÀÌ´Â ±×µé ¶ÇÇÑ 
°Å·èÇÑ »î¿¡ ±âÀÎÇÏ´Â ÁÁÀº ¿­¸Å¸¦ ¸Î¾î¾ß Çϱ⠶§¹®ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¸¸¾à¿¡ ±×µéÀÌ ÀÌ°ÍÀ» ÇàÇϴ 
°Í¿¡ °ÔÀ»¸®ÇÑ´Ù¸é, ±×µéÀº ºÒ ¼ÓÀ¸·Î, Áï ¿µ¿øÇÑ ¹úÀÎ, Áö¿Á(hell)À¸·Î ´øÁ®Áú °ÍÀε¥, À̴ 
±×µéÀÌ ÀڽŵéÀÇ Á˵鿡 ´ëÇÑ Âüȸ¸¦ ÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò±â ¶§¹®ÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
¸¶Å¿À º¹À½¼­ 25,46¿¡ ´ëÇÑ 
ÁÖ¼®À» º¸¶ó. 

11. St John the Baptist did not limit himself to preaching penance and repentance;
he encouraged people to receive his baptism. This baptism was a way of interiorly
preparing them and helping them to realize that the coming of Christ was imminent.
By his words of encouragement and by their humble recognition of their sins, they
were prepared to receive Christ's grace through Baptism with fire and the Holy
Spirit. To put it another way, John's baptism did not produce justification, whereas
Christian Baptism is the sacrament of initiation which forgives sin and bestows
sanctifying grace. The effectiveness of the sacrament of Christian Baptism is
expressed in Catholic teaching when it says that the sacrament gives grace "ex
opere operato". This means that grace is given by virtue of Christ who acts through
the sacrament, and not by virtue of the merits of either the minister or the recipient
of the sacrament. "When Peter baptizes, it is Christ who baptizes [...]. When Judas
baptizes, it is Christ who baptizes" (St Augustine, "ln loann. Evang.", 6).

11. ¼¼·ÊÀÚ ¼º ¿äÇÑÀº Âüȸ(penance)¿Í ȸ°³(repentance)¸¦ ¼³±³ÇÏ´Â µ¥¿¡ ÀÚ½ÅÀ» ±¹ÇÑÇÏÁö 
¾Ê¾ÒÀ¸¸ç, ±×´Â ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¼¼·Ê¸¦ ¹Þµµ·Ï »ç¶÷µéÀ» °Ý·ÁÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù. ±×°¡ ÁØ ¼¼·Ê´Â ±×µé·Î 
ÇÏ¿©±Ý ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ ÃâÇöÀÌ ÀÓ¹ÚÇÏ¿´À½À» ±ú´Ý´Â °ÍÀ» µµ¿ÍÁÖ°í ¶Ç ÀÌ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¸¶À½ÀÇ Áغñ¸¦ 
ÇÏ°Ô ÇÏ´Â ÇÑ ¹æ¹ýÀ̾ú½À´Ï´Ù.
¼¼·ÊÀÚ ¿äÇÑÀÇ °Ý·ÁÀÇ ¸»µé¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© ±×¸®°í ÀڽŵéÀÇ ÁË¿¡ 
´ëÇÑ ±×µéÀÇ °â¼ÕÇÑ ÀÎÁ¤¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿©, ±×µéÀº ºÒ°ú ¼º·É(fire and the Holy Spirit)À¸·Î ÁÖ¾îÁö´Â 
¼¼·Ê¸¦ ÅëÇÏ¿© ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ ÀºÃÑÀ» ¹ÞÀ» ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ÁغñµÇ¾îÁ³½À´Ï´Ù. ´Ù¸¥ ¹æ½ÄÀ¸·Î Ç¥ÇöÇϸé,
¿äÇÑÀÇ ¼¼·Ê´Â ÀÇÈ­(justification)¸¦ »êÃâÇÏÁö ¸øÇÏ¿´À¸³ª, ÀÌ¿¡ ¹ÝÇÏ¿© ±×¸®½ºµµ±³ÀÇ ¼¼·Ê´Â, 
Á˸¦ ¿ë¼­ÇÏ°í
¼ºÈ­ÀºÃÑ(sanctifying grace)À» ¼ö¿©ÇÏ´Â, ÀÔ¹® ¼º»ç(the sacrament of initiation)
ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ±×¸®½ºµµ±³ ¼¼·Ê¼º»çÀÇ È¿´ÉÀº, ÀÌ ¼º»ç°¡ "ex opere operato(»çÈ¿·Ð)"(*)¿¡ ±âÀÎÇÏ¿© 
ÀºÃÑÀ» ÁØ´Ù°í ¸»ÇÒ ¶§ÀÎ, °¡Å縯 °¡¸£Ä§¿¡ Ç¥ÇöµÇ¾î ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº ÀºÃÑÀÌ, ÀÌ ¼º»çÀÇ 
ÁýÀüÀÚ È¤Àº ¼ö·ÉÀÚ ¾î´À ÇÑ »ç¶÷ÀÇ °ø·Î(merits)µéÀÇ È¿´ÉÀ¸·Î(in the virtue of)°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, 
ÀÌ ¼º»ç¸¦ ÅëÇÏ¿© ÀÛ¿ëÇϽô ¿¹¼ö ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ È¿´ÉÀ¸·Î ÁÖ¾îÁø´Ù´Â ¶æÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
"º£µå·Î(Peter)°¡ 
¼¼·Ê¸¦ º£Ç® ¶§¿¡, ¼¼·Ê¸¦ º£Çª½Ã´Â ºÐÀº ¹Ù·Î ±×¸®½ºµµÀ̽ʴϴ٠[...]. À¯´Ù(Judas)°¡ ¼¼·Ê¸¦ 
º£Ç® ¶§¿¡, ¼¼·Ê¸¦ º£Çª½Ã´Â ºÐÀº ¹Ù·Î ±×¸®½ºµµÀ̽ʴϴÙ" [St Augustine, "ln loann. Evang.", 6].

-----
¹ø¿ªÀÚ ÁÖ:
(*) Æ®¸®¿£Æ® °øÀÇȸ¿¡¼­ Á¤ÀǵÈ(defined) ¿ë¾îÀÎ "»çÈ¿·Ð(ex opere operato)"¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿©¼­´Â 
´ÙÀ½ÀÇ ÀÚ·áµéÀ» Âü°íÇ϶ó:
http://ch.catholic.or.kr/pundang/4/info/ex_opere_operato.htm
 
http://ch.catholic.or.kr/pundang/4/cr_ex_opere_operato.htm
-----


The word "fire" points in a metaphorical way to the effectiveness of the Holy Spirit's
action in totally wiping out sins. It also shows the life-giving power of grace in the
person baptized.

¡®ºÒ(fire)¡¯À̶ó´Â ´Ü¾î´Â ºñÀ¯Àû ¹æ½Ä(metaphorical way)À¸·Î Á˸¦ ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ ¾Ä¾î³»´Â µ¥¿¡ 
ÀÖ¾î ¼º·ÉÀÇ ÀÛ¿ëÀÌ È¿°úÀûÀÓÀ» ¾Ï½ÃÇÏ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ¶Ç ÀÌ ´Ü¾î´Â ¼¼·Ê¸¦ ¹ÞÀº ÀÚ¿¡°Ô´Â 
»ý¸íÀ» ÁÖ´Â Èû(life-giving power)ÀÎ ÀºÃÑ(grace)ÀÌ ÁÖ¾îÁüÀ» ³ªÅ¸³À´Ï´Ù. 

Foremost among the personal qualities of St John the Baptist is his remarkable
humility; he resolutely rejects the temptation of accepting the dignity of Messiah
which the crowds apparently wanted to bestow on him. Carrying the sandals of
one's master was a job for the lowest of servants.

¼¼·ÊÀÚ ¿äÇÑÀÇ ÀΰÝÀû Ư¼ºµé Áß¿¡ °¡Àå ÃÖ°íÀÇ °ÍÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº ±×ÀÇ ¶Ù¾î³­ °â¼Õ
(humility)ÀÔ´Ï´Ù: ´ç½Ã¿¡ ±ºÁßµéÀÌ °¡½ÃÀûÀ¸·Î(apparently) ±×¿¡°Ô ºÎ¿©Çϱ⸦ ¿øÇÏ¿´´ø 
¸Þ½Ã¾ÆÀÇ Ç°À§(dignity of Messiah)¸¦ ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀÓÀ̶ó´Â À¯È¤(temptation)À» ´ÜÈ£ÇÏ°Ô 
°ÅºÎÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù. ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ½º½ÂÀÇ ½Å¹ßÀ» µé°í ´Ù´Ï´Â °ÍÀº Á¾µé Áß¿¡¼­ °¡Àå ³·Àº ÀÚÀÇ 
ÀÓ¹«(job)¿´½À´Ï´Ù.
 


12. Verses 10 and 12 refer to judgment by the Messiah. This judgment has two
parts: the first occurs throughout each man's life and ends in the Particular
Judgment immediately after death; the second occurs at the time of the Last
Judgment. Christ is the judge in both instances. Let us remember the words of
St Peter in Acts 10:42: "And he commanded us to preach to the people, and to
testify that he [Jesus] is the one ordained by God to be judge of the living and the
dead." The judgment will give to each person the reward or punishmenu merited
by his good or bad actions.

12. Á¦10Àý ¹× Á¦12ÀýÀº ¸Þ½Ã¾Æ¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ½ÉÆÇ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¾ð±ÞÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ½ÉÆÇÀº 
´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº µÎ ºÎºÐµéÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù: ù ¹ø°´Â °¢ »ç¶÷ÀÇ »î Àü¹Ý¿¡ °ÉÃÄ 
¹ß»ýÇÏ¸ç ±×¸®°í
Á×À½ Á÷ÈÄ¿¡ °³º° ½ÉÆÇ(Particular Judgment)¿¡¼­ ³¡³ª¸ç, µÎ ¹ø°´Â 
ÃÖÈÄÀÇ ½ÉÆÇÀÇ ½Ã±â¿¡ ¹ß»ýÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ¿¹¼ö´Ô²²¼­´Â µÎ °æ¿ìµé¿¡ ÀÖ¾î ½ÉÆÇ°üÀ̽ʴϴÙ. 
¿ì¸®´Â
»çµµÇàÀü 10,42¿¡¼­ ¼º º£µå·ÎÀÇ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº Ç¥ÇöÀ» ±â¾ïÇϵµ·Ï ÇսôÙ: 
"±×ºÐ²²¼­´Â ÇÏ´À´Ô²²¼­ ´ç½ÅÀ» »ê À̵é°ú Á×Àº À̵éÀÇ ½ÉÆÇ°üÀ¸·Î ÀÓ¸íÇϼ̴ٴ °ÍÀ» 
¹é¼º¿¡°Ô ¼±Æ÷ÇÏ°í Áõ¾ðÇ϶ó°í ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô ºÐºÎÇϼ̽À´Ï´Ù." ÀÌ ½ÉÆÇ°ü²²¼­´Â °¢ °³Àο¡°Ô 
ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¼±ÇÑ È¤Àº ¾ÇÇÑ ÇàÀ§µé¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ º¸»ó ȤÀº ¹úÀ» ÁÖ½Ç °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. 


It is worth noting that the word "chaff' does not refer only to bad deeds; it refers
also to useless ones, for example, lives lacking in service to God and men. God
will judge us, therefore, for our omissions and our lost opportunities.

"ÂßÁ¤ÀÌ(chaff)"¶ó´Â ´Ü¾î´Â ¾ÇÇà(bad deeds)µé¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© ¾ð±ÞÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ» »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, 
¶ÇÇÑ ¾µ¸ð ¾ø´Â Àڵ鿡 ´ëÇÏ¿©¼­µµ ¾ð±ÞÇÏ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î, ÇÏ´À´Ô°ú »ç¶÷µé¿¡ 
´ëÇÑ ºÀ»ç°¡ ºÎÁ·ÇÑ ÀÚµé. ÇÏ´À´Ô²²¼­´Â ¿ì¸®µéÀÌ Å¸¸È÷ ÇÏ´Â °Í(omissions)µé ¹× ³õÃÄ 
¹ö¸° ±âȸµé¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© ½ÉÆÇÇÏ½Ç °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. 


"Don't let your life be barren. Be useful. Make yourself felt. Shine forth with the
torch of your faith and your love. With your apostolic life, wipe out the trail of filth
and slime left by the unclean sowers of hatred. And set aflame all the ways of
the earth with the fire of Christ that you bear in your heart" (J. Escriva, "The Way",
1).

"±×´ëÀÇ »îÀÌ ¿­¸Å¸¦ ¸ÎÁö ¸øÇϵµ·Ï Çã¶ôÇÏÁö ¸¶½Ê½Ã¿À. ¾µ¸ð ÀÖµµ·Ï ÇϽʽÿÀ. ÁÖº¯ 
»ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ½º½º·Î¸¦ º¸À̵µ·Ï ÇϽʽÿÀ. ±×´ëÀÇ ¹ÏÀ½À̶ó´Â ȶºÒ·Î½á ºûÀ» ¹ÛÀ¸·Î 
¹àÈ÷µµ·Ï ÇϽʽÿÀ. ±×´ëÀÇ »çµµ·Î¼­ÀÇ »îÀ¸·Î½á, Áõ¿À¸¦ ¾¾ »Ñ¸®´Â ºÎÁ¤ÇÑ Àڵ鿡 
ÀÇÇÏ¿© ³²°ÜÁø ºÒ°á(flith)°ú Ÿ¶ô(slime)ÀÇ ÀÚ±¹À» ±ú²ýÀÌ ´Û¾Æ³»½Ê½Ã¿À. ±×¸®°í ±×´ë°¡ 
ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ º»½É(heart)¿¡ Ç°°í ÀÖ´Â ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ ºÒ·Î½á ÀÌ ¼¼»óÀÇ ¸ðµç ±æ(ways)µéÀÌ 
Ÿ¿À¸£°Ô ÇϽʽÿÀ" [È£¼¼¸¶¸®¾Æ ¿¡½ºÅ©¸®¹Ù(J. Escriva), "The Way", 1].


*********************************************************************************************
Source: "The Navarre Bible: Text and Commentaries". Biblical text from the
Revised Standard Version and New Vulgate. Commentaries by members of
the Faculty of Theology, University of Navarre, Spain.

Published by Four Courts Press, Kill Lane, Blackrock, Co. Dublin, Ireland, and
by Scepter Publishers in the United States. We encourage readers to purchase
The Navarre Bible for personal study. See Scepter Publishers for details.


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