Saturday

1st Week of Advent

1st Reading: Isaiah 30:19-21, 23-26

Lamentation Over Rebellious Children (Continuation)
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(Thus says the Lord God, the Holy One of Israel:) [19] "Yea, O people in Zion
who dwell at Jerusalem; you shall weep no more. He will surely be gracious
to you at the sound of your cry; when: he hears it, he will answer you. [20] And
though the Lord give you the bread of adversity and the water of affliction yet
your Teacher will not hide himself any more, but your eyes shall see your Tea-
cher. [21] And your ears shall hear a word behind you, saying, "This is the way,
walk in it," when you turn to the right or when you turn to the left.

[23] "And he will give rain for the seed with which you sow the ground, and grain,
the produce of the ground, which will be rich and plenteous. In that day your cat-
tle will graze in large pastures; [24] and the oxen and the asses that till the
ground will eat salted provender, which has been winnowed with shovel and fork.
[25] And upon every lofty mountain and every high hill there will be brooks run-
ning with water, in the day of the great slaughter, when the towers fall. [26] More-
over the light of the moon will be as the light of the sun, and the light of the sun
will be sevenfold, as the light of seven days, in the day when the Lord binds up
the hurt of his people, and heals the wounds inflicted by his blow."

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Commentary:

30:1-33. The fourth lamentation is aimed at those who waste their time in a vain
search for Egyptian help against the Assyrians; they should be counting God
and relying completely on him. It begins by warning them that they are going to
be punished, but then the tone changes, to the point that we are told that God
is going to be kind to his people and will show them what they must do to 
themselves from the Assyrian threat (vv. 18-33).

To begin with (vv 1-17) the main point being made is that it is sheer rebellion it
makes no sense to draw up plans that don’t take account of God it makes no
sense to seek protection from Egypt; it is too weak to help anyone. The Lord
denounces the distrust of God implicit in overtures to Egypt (vv. 1-7). The pro-
phet must warn the people who obstinately refuse to obey God’s Law and have
no time for prophets (vv. 8-11): an alliance with Egypt (vv. 12-14) will lead to
disaster; it is progressively described as troublesome or dangerous (v. 6), worth-
1less (v. 7), and absolutely perverse (vv. 12-14). They could have avoided punish-
ment if they had had recourse to the Lord, but they have trusted in their own
strength, thinking to find help in their allies' horses (vv. 15-17). Zoan (Tanis) and
Hanes (Hierapolis), mentioned in v. 4, are Egyptian cities in the Nile Delta (cf.
the note on 19: 1-25). Rahab (v. 7) was a sea monster in Eastern mythology,
and is sometimes used as a name for Egypt (cf. Job 9:13; 26:12; Ps 87:4;
89:11).

The second part of the lamentation (vv. 18-33) consists of a number of oracles
which contain promises that Jerusalem will be delivered, and threats that As-
syria will be punished. It begins by describing how happy the people will be if
they turn back to their God (vv. 18-22). The Lord eagerly awaits their return, for
he is full of kindness and mercy towards those who trust in him (v. 18).

As soon as they return, they will enjoy great contentment--described here in
terms of a material abundance greater than anything they could imagine (vv. 23-
26). Assyria, on the other hand, will be severely punished by God (vv. 27—33).
The "Topheth" (v. 33, note t), literally "a burning place", was the site in the valley
of Ben-Hinom (or Ge-ben-Hinnon, Gehenna) on the outskirts of Jerusalem where,
at one time, children were sacrificed to the Canaanite god Moloch (see the note
on Jer 7:21-8:3; cf. Jer 19:5; 32:35). It came to mean a place of damnation and
divine retribution for sinners. There the might of Assyria will meet its fate.
　

Gospel Reading: Matthew 9:35-10:5a,6-8

The Need for Good Shepherds
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[35] And Jesus went about all the cities and villages teaching in their synagogues
and preaching the Gospel of the Kingdom, and healing every disease and every
infirmity. [36] When He saw the crowds, He had compassion for them, because
they were harassed and helpless, like sheep without a shepherd. [37] Then He
said to His disciples, "The harvest is plentiful, but the laborers are few; [38] pray
therefore the Lord of harvest to send out laborers into His harvest."

The Calling and First Mission of the Apostles
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[1] And He called to Him His twelve disciples and gave them authority over un-
clean spirits, to cast them out, and to heal every disease and every infirmity.

[5a] These twelve Jesus sent out, charging them, [6]" [...] go [...] to the lost
sheep of the house of Israel. [7] And preach as you go, saying, `The Kingdom
of Heaven is at hand.' [8] Heal the sick, raise the dead, cleanse lepers, cast out
demons. You received without pay, give without pay."

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Commentary:

36. "He had compassion for them": the Greek verb is very expressive; it means
"He was deeply moved". Jesus was moved when He saw the people, because
their pastors, instead of guiding them and tending them, led them astray, beha-
ving more like wolves than genuine shepherds of their flock. Jesus sees the
prophecy of Ezekiel 34 as now being fulfilled; in that passage God, through the
prophet,upbraids the false shepherds of Israel and promises to send them the
Messiah to be their new leader.

"If we were consistent with our faith when we looked around us and contemplated
the world and its history, we would be unable to avoid feeling in our own hearts
the same sentiments that filled the heart of our Lord" (St. J. Escriva, "Christ Is
Passing By", 133). Reflection on the spiritual needs of the world should lead us
to be tirelessly apostolic.

37-38. After contemplating the crowds neglected by their shepherds, Jesus uses
the image of the harvest to show us that that same crowd is ready to receive the
effects of Redemption: "I tell you, lift up your eyes, and see now the fields are
already white for harvest" (John 4:35). The field of the Jewish people cultivated
by the prophets--most recently by John the Baptist--is full of ripe wheat. In farm
work, the harvest is lost if the farmer does not reap at the right time; down the
centuries the Church feels a similar need to be out harvesting because there is
a big harvest ready to be won.

However, as in the time of Jesus, there is a shortage of laborers. Our Lord tells
us how to deal with this: we should pray to God, the Lord of harvest, to send the
necessary laborers. If a Christian prays hard, it is difficult to imagine his not
feeling urged to play his part in this apostolate. In obeying this commandment
to pray for laborers, we should pray especially for there to be no lack of shep-
herds, who will be able to equip others with the necessary means of sanctifica-
tion needed to back up the apostolate.

In this connection Paul VI reminds us: "the responsibility for spreading the Gos-
pel that saves belongs to everyone--to all who have received it! The missionary
duty concerns the whole body of the Church; in different ways and to different
degrees, it is true, but we must all of us be united in carrying out this duty. Now
let the conscience of every believer ask himself: Have I carried out my missionary
duty? Prayer for the Missions is the first way of fulfilling this duty" ("Angelus
Address", 23 October 1977).

1-4. Jesus calls His twelve Apostles after recommending to them to pray to the
Lord to send laborers into His harvest (cf. Matthew 9:38). Christians' apostolic
action should always, then, be preceded and accompanied by a life of constant
prayer: apostolate is a divine affair, not a merely human one. Our Lord starts
His Church by calling twelve men to be, as it were, twelve patriarchs of the new
people of God, the Church. This new people is established not by physical but
by spiritual generation. The names of those Apostles are specifically mentioned
here. They were not scholarly, powerful or important people: they were average,
ordinary people who responded faithfully to the grace of their calling--all of them,
that is, except Judas Iscariot. Even before His death and resurrection Jesus con-
fers on them the power to cast out unclean spirits and cure illnesses--as an
earnest of and as training for the saving mission which He will entrust to them.

The Church reveres these first Christians in a very special way and is proud to
carry on their supernatural mission, and to be faithful to the witness they bore to
the teaching of Christ. The true Church is absent unless there is uninterrupted
apostolic succession and identification with the spirit which the Apostles made
their own.

"Apostle": this word means "sent"; Jesus sent them out to preach His Kingdom
and pass on His teaching.

The Second Vatican Council, in line with Vatican I, "confesses" and "declares"
that the Church has a hierarchical structure: "The Lord Jesus, having prayed at
length to the Father, called to Himself those whom He willed and appointed
twelve to be with Him, whom He might send to preach the Kingdom of God (cf.
Mark 3:13-19: Matthew 10:1-10). These Apostles (cf. Luke 6:13) He constituted
in the form of a college or permanent assembly, at the head of which He placed
Peter, chosen from among them (cf. John 21:15-17). He sent them first of all to
the children of Israel and then to all peoples (cf. Romans 1:16), so that, sharing
in His power, they might make all peoples His disciples and sanctify and govern
them (cf. Matthew 28:16-20; Mark 16:15; Luke 24:45-48; John 20:21-23) and thus
spread the Church and, administering it under the guidance of the Lord, shepherd
it all days until the end of the world (cf. Matthew 28:28)" ("Lumen Gentium", 19).

1. In this chapter St. Matthew describes how Jesus, with a view to the spreading
of the Kingdom of God which He inaugurates, decides to establish a Church,
which He does by giving special powers and training to these twelve men who
are its seed.

5-15. After revealing His intention to found the Church by choosing the Twelve
(verses 1-4), in the present passage He shows that He intends to start training
these first Apostles. In other words, from early on in His public ministry He be-
gan to lay the foundations of His Church.

Everyone needs doctrinal and apostolic training to follow his Christian calling.
The Church has a duty to teach, and the faithful have a parallel duty to make
that teaching their own. Therefore, every Christian should avail of the facilities
for training which the Church offers him--which will vary according to each per-
son's circumstances.

5-6. In His plan of salvation God gave certain promises (to Abraham and the patri-
archs), a Covenant and a Law (the Law of Moses), and sent the prophets. The
Messiah would be born into this chosen people, which explains why the Messiah
and the Kingdom of God were to be preached to the house of Israel before being
preached to the Gentiles. Therefore, in their early apprenticeship, Jesus restricts
the Apostles' area of activity to the Jews, without this taking from the world-wide
scope of the Church's mission. As we will see, much later on He charges them
to "go and make disciples of all nations" (Matthew 28:19); "Go into all the world
and preach the Gospel to the whole creation" (Mark 16:15). The Apostles also,
in the early days of the spread of the Church, usually sought out the Jewish com-
munity in any new city they entered, and preached first to them (cf. Acts 13:46).

7-8. Previously, the prophets, when speaking of the messianic times, had used
imagery suited to the people's spiritual immaturity. Now, Jesus, in sending His
Apostles to proclaim that the promised Kingdom of God is imminent, lays stress
on its spiritual dimension. The powers mentioned in verse 8 are the very sign of
the Kingdom of God or the reign of the Messiah proclaimed by the prophets. At
first (chapters 8 and 9) it is Jesus who exercises these messianic powers; now
He gives them to His disciples as proof that His mission is divine (Isaiah 35:5-6;
40:9; 52:7; 61:1).

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Source: "The Navarre Bible: Text and Commentaries". Biblical text from the
Revised Standard Version and New Vulgate. Commentaries by members of
the Faculty of Theology, University of Navarre, Spain.

Published by Four Courts Press, Kill Lane, Blackrock, Co. Dublin, Ireland, and
by Scepter Publishers in the United States. We encourage readers to purchase
The Navarre Bible for personal study. See Scepter Publishers for details.

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