3rd Sunday of Lent, Cycle B
1st Reading: Exodus 20:1-17
The Ten Commandments
-------------------------------------
[1] And God spoke all these words, saying, [2] "I am the LORD your God, who
brought you out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of bondage.
[3] "You shall have no other gods before me.
[4] "You shall not make for yourself a graven image, or any likeness of anything
that is in heaven above, or that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the water un-
der the earth; [5] you shall not bow down to them or serve them; for the LORD
your God am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children
to the third and the fourth generation of those who hate me, [6] but showing
steadfast love to thousands of those who love me and keep my commandments.
[7] "You shall not take the name of the Lord your God in vain; for the LORD will
not hold him guiltless who takes his name in vain.
[8] "Remember the sabbath day, to keep it holy. [9] Six days you shall labor, and
do all your work; [10] but the seventh day is a sabbath to the LORD your God; in
it you shall not do any work, you, or your son, or your daughter, your manservant,
or your maidservant, or your cattle, or the sojourner who is within your gates; [11]
for in six days the LORD made heaven and earth, the sea, and all that is in them,
and rested the seventh day; therefore the LORD blessed the sabbath day and
hallowed it.
[12] "Honor your father and your mother, that your days may be long in
the land which the LORD your God gives you.
[13] "You shall not kill.
[14] "You shall not commit adultery.
[15] "You shall not steal.
[16] "You shall not bear false witness against your neighbor.
[17] "You shall not covet your neighbor's house; you shall not covet your neigh-
bor's wife, or his manservant, or his maidservant, or his ox, or his ass, or anything
that is your neighbor's."
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Commentary:
20:1-21. "Decalogue" comes from the Greek, meaning "ten words" (cf. the literal
sense of Deut 4: l3). It consists of the Ten Commandments or moral code, recor-
ded here and in Deuteronomy 5:6-21. The Decalogue is dealt with in a very spe-
cial way here: for one thing, it is embedded in the account of the theophany,
slotted in between 19:19 and 20:18; for another, attached to the concise com-
mandments (identical in Exodus and Deuteronomy) are other more elaborate
commandments (giving reasons and explanations) which differ as between the
two versions. The fact that the Decalogue (and not any other legal code of the
Pentateuch) is repeated practically verbatim in Exodus and Deuteronomy and
has from ancient times been reproduced separately, as the Nash papyrus (2nd
century BC) shows, indicates the importance the Decalogue always had among
the people of Israel as a moral code.
20,1-21. "½Ê°è¸í(Decalogue)"Àº,
"¿ °³ÀÇ ¸»¾¸µé"À» ¶æÇÏ´Â ±×¸®½º¾î·ÎºÎÅÍ
À¯·¡ÇÕ´Ï´Ù
(½Å¸í±â 4,13ÀÇ ±ÛÀÚ ±×´ë·ÎÀÇ Àǹ̸¦
ÂüÁ¶Ç϶ó). ÀÌ°ÍÀº, ¿©±â¿¡ ±×¸®°í ½Å¸í±â
5,6-21¿¡
±â·ÏµÈ, ¿°³ÀÇ °è¸í(Ten Commandments)µé ȤÀº µµ´öÀ²(moral code)·Î
ÀÌ·ç¾îÁ®
ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ½Ê°è¸íÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ¸Å¿ì Ưº°ÇÑ ¹æ½ÄÀ¸·Î
´Ù·ç¾îÁö°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù: ¿ì¼±
ù°·Î, ÀÌ°ÍÀº, 19,19¿Í
20,18 »çÀÌ¿¡
³¢¿ö³Ö¾îÁø, ÇÏ´À´ÔÀÇ ÇöÇö(the theophany)¿¡
´ëÇÑ ¼¼ú¿¡ Æ÷ÇԵǾî ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ±×¸®°í µÎ¹ø°·Î, (Å»Ãâ±â¿Í
½Å¸í±â¿¡ ÀÖ¾î
µ¿ÀÏÇÑ)
°£°áÇÑ ¸í·Éµé¿¡ ÷ºÎµÈ °ÍÀº, ÀÌ µÎ ¹öÀüµé »çÀÌ¿Í´Â ´Ù¸¥,
(ÀÌÀ¯µé°ú ¼³¸íµéÀ»
Á¦½ÃÇÏ´Â) ¶Ç ´Ù¸¥ ´õ Á¤±³ÇÑ °è¸íµé¿¡ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. (¸ð¼¼
¿À°æÀÇ ¸ðµç ´Ù¸¥ ¹ýÀû °èÀ²°ú´Â
´Þ¸®) ½Ê°è¸íÀÌ Å»Ãâ±â¿Í ½Å¸í±â¿¡¼ ½ÇÁúÀûÀ¸·Î ±ÛÀÚ
±×´ë·Î(verbatim) ¹Ýº¹µÇ°í
ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ±×¸®°í, (±â¿øÀü 2¼¼±â) ³ª½º ÆÄÇǷ罺(Nash papyrus)°¡
º¸¿©ÁÖ´Â °Íó·³,
°í´ë ½Ã±âµéºÎÅÍ ºÐ¸®µÇ¾î º¹Á¦µÇ¾î ¿Ô´Ù´Â »ç½ÇÀº
µµ´öÀ²·Î¼ À̽º¶ó¿¤ ¹é¼º
»çÀÌ¿¡¼ ÀÌ ½Ê°è¸íÀÌ Ç×»ó °¡Áö°í ÀÖ¾ú´ø Á߿伺À»
³ªÅ¸³À´Ï´Ù.
On the supposition that the versions in Exodus and Deuteronomy can be reduced
to a single original text, the variations between them can be explained in terms of
the applications of the commandments to the circumstances of the period when
each version was made; the final redaction, which we have here, is the one held
to be inspired. The apodictic form (future imperative, second person: "You shall
not kill") is that proper to biblical commandments and it differs from the casuisti-
cal type of wording that Israel shares with other Semitic people, as can be seen
from the Code of the Covenant (chaps 21-23).
Å»Ãâ±â¿Í
½Å¸í±â¿¡
ÀÖ´Â ¹öÀüµéÀÌ ´ÜÀÏÀÇ ¿ø·¡ º»¹®À¸·Î ȯ¿øµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â
°¡Á¤
ÇÏ¿¡¼, ÀÌµé »çÀÌÀÇ Â÷ÀÌÁ¡µéÀº °¢ ¹öÀüµéÀÌ ¸¶·ÃµÇ¾ú´ø
¶§ÀÎ ¹Ù·Î ±× ½Ã±âÀÇ
»óȲµé¿¡ ÀÖ¾î ÀÌ °è¸íµéÀÇ Àû¿ëµéÀÇ ¸é¿¡¼ ¼³¸íµÉ ¼ö
ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ±×¸®°í, ¿ì¸®°¡
¿©±â¿¡¼ °¡Áö´Â, ÃÖÁ¾Àû ÆíÁýÆÇ(redaction)Àº ¿µ°¨À» ¹ÞÀº
°ÍÀ¸·Î ÁÖÀåµÇ¾îÁ³´ø
¹Ù·Î ±× ÆÇÀÔ´Ï´Ù. [¹Ì·¡ ¸í·É¹ýÀÇ(future imperative), 2ÀÎĪ: "»ìÀÎÇؼ´Â
¾È µÈ´Ù
(You shall not kill")¶ó´Â]
ÇÊ¿¬ÀûÀÎ Áø¸®¸¦ Ç¥ÇöÇÏ´Â Çü½Ä(the apodictic form)Àº
¼º°æÀÇ °è¸íµé¿¡ ÀûÇÕÇÑ ¹Ù·Î ±× Çü½ÄÀÌ¸ç ±×¸®°í ÀÌ Çü½ÄÀº,
ÇÏ´À´Ô°úÀÇ °è¾à¹ý
(the Code of Covenant)(Á¦21-23Àå)À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ
º¸¿©Áú ¼ö ÀÖ´Â, À̽º¶ó¿¤ÀÌ ´Ù¸¥ ¼ÀÁ·
¹é¼º(Semitic people)°ú ÇÔ²² °øÀ¯ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â ¸»Çϱ⿡ ÀÖ¾î¼ÀÇ
°áÀǹý(̽ë÷Ûö)Àû
¾ç½Ä(the casuistical type)°ú´Â ´Ù¸¨´Ï´Ù.
The ten commandments are the core of Old Testament ethics and they retain
their value in the New Testament. Jesus often reminds people about them (cf Lk
18:20) and he fills them out (cf. Mt 5:17ff). The Fathers and Doctors of the Church
have commented on them at length because, as St Thomas points out, all the
precepts of the natural law are contained in the Decalogue: the universal precepts,
such as "Do good and avoid evil", "which are primary and general, are contained
theirin as principles in their proximate conclusions, while conversely, those which
are mediated by the wise are contained in them as conclusions in their principles"
("Summa Theologiae", 1-2, 100, 3).
ÀÌ ¿ °³ÀÇ °è¸íµéÀº ±¸¾à
¼º°æ À±¸®(Old Testament ethics)µéÀÇ ÇÙ½ÉÀÌ¸ç ±×¸®°í
ÀÌ °è¸íµéÀº ½Å¾à ¼º°æ¿¡¼ ±× °¡Ä¡¸¦ °è¼Ó Áö´Õ´Ï´Ù.
¿¹¼ö´Ô²²¼´Â À̵鿡 °üÇÏ¿©
»ç¶÷µéÀ» ÀÚÁÖ »ó±â½ÃÅ°½Ã¸ç (·çÄ«
º¹À½¼ 18,20À» ÂüÁ¶Ç϶ó) ±×¸®°í ÀÌ
°è¸íµéÀ»
¸¶¹«¸®ÇϽʴϴÙ(fill them out) (¸¶Å¿À
º¹À½¼ 5,17 ¹× À̾îÁö´Â ¸î °³ÀÇ ÀýµéÀ»
ÂüÁ¶Ç϶ó). ±³È¸ÀÇ ±³ºÎµé°ú ¹Ú»çµéÀº
ÀÌ °è¸íµé¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© ±æ°Ô ÀÌ¹Ì ÁÖ¼®ÇÏ¿´´Âµ¥
ÀÌ´Â, ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ¼º Å丶½º(St Thomas)°¡
ÁöÀûÇÏ°í ÀÖµíÀÌ,
ÀÚ¿¬¹ýÀÇ ¸ðµç
±Ô¹üµéÀº ½Ê°è¸í¿¡
Æ÷ÇԵǾî Àֱ⠶§¹®ÀÔ´Ï´Ù:
"¼±À» ÇàÇÏ°í
¾ÇÀ» ÇÇÇÏ¿©¶ó"¿Í
°°Àº, "ÁÖµÈ ±×¸®°í ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ," º¸ÆíÀûÀÎ ±Ô¹üµéÀº
"ÀÌ °è¸íµé¿¡ °¡Àå
°¡±î¿î ¿ä¾à
(conclusions)µé ¾È¿¡ ¿ø¸®(principles)µé·Î¼ ±× ¼Ó¿¡ Æ÷ÇԵǾî ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ÀÌ¿Í´Â ´Þ¸®
¿ªÀ¸·Î, ÇöÀÚ(the wise)µé¿¡
ÀÇÇÏ¿© ¹¬»óÇÏ°Ô µÇ´Â °ÍµéÀº ÀÌ °è¸íµéÀÇ ¿ø¸®µé ¾È¿¡
¿ä¾àµé·Î¼ ÀÌ
°è¸íµé ¾È¿¡ Æ÷ÇԵǾî ÀÖ±â" ["½ÅÇÐ ´ëÀü("Summa Theologiae)",
1-2, 100, 3] ¶§¹®ÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
The commandments tend to be divided up in two different ways: thus, Jews and
many Christian confessions divide the first commandment into two--the precept
to adore only one God (vv. 2-3) and that of not making images (vv. 3-6); whereas
Catholics and Lutherans (following St Augustine) make these commandments
one and divide into two the last commandments (not to covet one's neighbor's
wife: the ninth; and not to covet his goods: the tenth).
ÀÌ ¿°³ÀÇ °è¸íµéÀº µÎ °¡Áö
´Ù¸¥ ¹æ½Äµé·Î ³ª´©¾îÁö´Â °æÇâÀÌ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ±× °á°ú,
À¯´ÙÀεé°ú ¸¹Àº ±×¸®½ºµµ±³ ±³ÆÄ(Christian confessions)µéÀº ù
¹ø° °è¸íÀ»,
ÇÑ ºÐÀ̽ŠÇÏ´À´Ô¸¸À» Èì¼þÇ϶ó´Â ±Ô¹ü(Á¦2-3Àý)°ú
½Å»ó(ãêßÀ, idol)µéÀ» ¸¸µéÁö
¸»¶ó´Â ±Ô¹ü(Á¦3-6Àý),
ÀÌ·¸°Ô µÑ·Î ³ª´©¸ç, ÀÌ¿Í´Â ´Þ¸® °¡Å縯°ú ·çÅÍÆÄ´Â
[¼º
¾Æ¿ì±¸½ºÆ¼³ë(St Augustine)¸¦ µû¶ó] À̵é
°è¸íµéÀ» ÇÑ °³·Î »ïÀ¸¸ç ±×¸®°í
Á¦ÀÏ ¸¶Áö¸· °è¸íµéÀ» µÑ·Î ³ª´¯´Ï´Ù (³ÊÀÇ ÀÌ¿ôÀÇ
¾Æ³»¸¦ Ž³»¼´Â ¾È µÈ´Ù:
Á¦9¹ø° °è¸í, ±×¸®°í ÀÌ¿ôÀÇ Àç»êÀ» Ž³»¾î¼´Â ¾È µÈ´Ù:
Á¦10¹ø° °è¸í).
There is nothing sacrosanct about these divisions (their purpose is pedagogical);
whichever way the commandments are divided, the Decalogue stands. In our
commentary we follow St Augustine's division and make reference to the teaching
of the Church, because the Ten Commandments contain the core of Christian
morality (cf. the notes on Deut 5:1-22).
ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ±¸ºÐ¿¡ °üÇÑ
Áö±ØÈ÷ ½Å¼ºÇÑ(sacrosanct) ¾î¶² °ÍÀº ÀüÇô ¾øÀ¸¸ç [ÀÌ
±¸ºÐµéÀÇ
¸ñÀûÀº ±³À°Àû(pedagogical)ÀÔ´Ï´Ù], ±×¸®°í ÀÌ ¿ °³ÀÇ
°è¸íµéÀÌ ¾î¶°ÇÑ ¹æ½ÄÀ¸·Î
±¸ºÐµÇµçÁö, ½Ê°è¸í(the Decalogue)Àº
¼ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ÁÖ¼®¿¡ ÀÖ¾î, ¿ì¸®´Â
¼º ¾Æ¿ì±¸½ºÆ¼³ë(St Augustine)ÀÇ
±¸ºÐÀ» µû¸£¸ç ±×¸®°í ±³È¸ÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§À¸·ÎÀÇ ÂüÁ¶¸¦
Çϴµ¥, ÀÌ´Â ÀÌ ¿ °³ÀÇ °è¸íµéÀÌ ±×¸®½ºµµ±³
À±¸®(Christian morality)ÀÇ
ÇÙ½ÉÀ»
Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ°í Àֱ⠶§¹®ÀÔ´Ï´Ù (½Å¸í±â 5,1-22ÀÇ ÁÖ¼®µéÀ» ÂüÁ¶Ç϶ó).
20:2. Hittite peoples (some of whose political and social documents have survived)
used to begin peace treaties with an historical introduction, that is, by recounting
the victory of a king over a vassal on whom specific obligations were being im-
posed. In a similar sort of way, the Decalogue begins by recalling the Exodus.
However, what we have here is something radically different from a Hittite pact,
because the obligation that the commandments imply is not based on a defeat
but on a deliverance. God is offering the commandments to the people whom he
has delivered from bondage, whereas human princes imposed their codes on peo-
ples whom they had reduced to vassalage. The commandments are therefore an
expression of the Covenant. Acceptance of them is a sign that man has attained
maturity in his freedom. "Man becomes free when he enters into the Covenant of
God. (Aphraates, "Demonstrationes", 12). Jesus stressed the same idea: "My
yoke is easy, and my burden is light" (Mt 11:30).
20,2. ±×µéÀÇ Á¤Ä¡Àû ¹×
»çȸÀû ¹®ÇåµéÀÇ ÀϺΰ¡ »ì¾Æ ³²¾Æ¿Ô´ø) È÷ŸÀÌÆ®
¹é¼º
(Hittite peoples)µéÀº ¾î¶² ¿ª»çÀû ÀÔ¹®°ú
ÇÔ²², Áï, ƯÁ¤ÇÑ Àǹ«µéÀÌ ºÎ°úµÇ°í ÀÖ´Â,
¼Ó±¹(a vassal)¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÓ±Ý(a king)ÀÇ ½Â¸®¸¦ À̾߱âÇÔÀ¸·Î½á,
ÆòÈ Á¶¾à(peace treaties)µéÀ»
½ÃÀÛÇÏ´Â ½À°üÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. À¯»çÇÑ
Á¾·ùÀÇ ¹æ½ÄÀ¸·Î, ½Ê°è¸íÀº ÀÌÁýÆ®·ÎºÎÅÍÀÇ
Å»ÃâÀ» »ó±âÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ½ÃÀÛÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯³ª,
¿ì¸®°¡ ¿©±â¼ °¡Áö´Â ¹Ù´Â È÷ŸÀÌÆ®ÀεéÀÇ
Á¶¾à(a Hittite pact)°ú´Â ±Ùº»ÀûÀ¸·Î ´Ù¸¥ ¾î¶²
°ÍÀε¥, ÀÌ´Â ÀÌ °è¸íµéÀÌ
¶æÇÏ´Â
Àǹ«°¡ Æйè(a defeat)¿¡ ±Ù°ÅÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó
±¸Ãâ(a deliverance)¿¡
±Ù°ÅÇÏ°í
Àֱ⠶§¹®ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÇÏ´À´Ô²²¼´Â ³ë¿¹ »óÅ·κÎÅÍ
´ç½Å²²¼ ±¸ÃâÇϼ̴ø
¹é¼º¿¡°Ô ÀÌ
°è¸íµéÀ» Á¦½ÃÇÏ°í °è½Ã³ª, ÀÌ¿Í´Â ´Þ¸® Àΰ£
±ºÁÖ(human princes)µéÀº ÀڽŵéÀÇ ¹ý
(codes)µéÀ» ±×µéÀÌ ¼Ó±¹ÀÇ ½ÅºÐ(vassalage)À¸·Î À̹Ì
°ÝÇϽÃÄѹö·È´ø ¹é¼º¿¡°Ô
ºÎ°úÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ÀÌ °è¸íµéÀº
ÇÏ´À´Ô°úÀÇ °è¾à(the Covenant)¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÇϳªÀÇ
Ç¥Çö(an expression)ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ °è¸íµéÀÇ ¼ö¿ëÀº
»ç¶÷ÀÌ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÀÚÀ¯ ¾È¿¡¼(in his freedom)
¼º¼÷¿¡ µµ´ÞÇÏ¿´´Ù´Â Ç¥ÁöÀÔ´Ï´Ù. "»ç¶÷Àº
±×°¡ ÇÏ´À´Ô°úÀÇ °è¾à¿¡ Âü°¡ÇÒ ¶§¿¡ ºñ·Î¼Ò
ÀÚÀ¯·Ó°Ô µË´Ï´Ù" [Aphraates, "Demonstrationes",
12]. ¿¹¼ö´Ô²²¼´Â
µ¿ÀÏÇÑ °³³äÀ»
´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ °Á¶Çϼ̽À´Ï´Ù: "Á¤³ç
³» ¸Û¿¡´Â ÆíÇÏ°í ³» ÁüÀº °¡º±´Ù" (¸¶Å¿À º¹À½¼ 11,30).
20:3-6 "You shall love God above all things" is the wording of the first command-
ment given in most catechisms (cf. "Catechism of the Catholic Church", 2083)
summarizing the teaching of Jesus (cf. Mk 12:28-31, which quotes the text of
Deuteronomy 6:4-5. In the ten commandments this precept covers two aspects
--rnonotheism (v. 3) and the obligation not to adore idols or images of the Lord (vv.
4-6). Belief in the existence of only one God is the backbone of the entire Bible
message. The prophets will openly teach monotheism, holding that God is the
sovereign Lord of the universe and of time; but this ban on other gods itself im-
plies the sure conviction that there is only one true God. "You shall have no other
gods before [or, besides] me", implies a belief in one God, that is monotheism.
20,3-6. "¸ðµç °Íµéº¸´Ù ¸ÕÀú ÇÏ´À´ÔÀ»
»ç¶ûÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù(You shall love God above
all things)"´Â, ¿¹¼ö´ÔÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§À»
¿ä¾àÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â (½Å¸í±â 6,4-5ÀÇ º»¹®À» ÀοëÇÏ´Â,
¸¶Å¿À º¹À½¼ 12,28-31À» ÂüÁ¶Ç϶ó),
´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ±³¸®¼µé¿¡ ÁÖ¾îÁ® ÀÖ´Â, ù °è¸í¿¡
´ëÇÑ Ç¥ÇöÀÔ´Ï´Ù ["°¡Å縯
±³È¸ ±³¸®¼(CCC)", Á¦2083Ç×À» ÂüÁ¶Ç϶ó]. ÀÌ
¿ °³ÀÇ
°è¸íµé¿¡ ÀÖ¾î ¹Ù·Î ÀÌ ±Ô¹üÀº, ÀϽŷÐ(monotheism)(Á¦3Àý)°ú
½Å»ó(ãêßÀ, idols)µé
ȤÀº ÁÖ´ÔÀÇ Çü»óµéÀ» Èì¼þÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ» Àǹ«(Á¦4-6Àý),
µÎ ±¹¸é(aspects)µéÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÕ´Ï´Ù
(covers). ¿À·ÎÁö ÇÑ ºÐÀ̽ŠÇÏ´À´ÔÀÇ Á¸Àç¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹ÏÀ½Àº Àüü ¼º°æ
¸Þ½ÃÁöÀÇ µî»ÀÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
¿¹¾ðÀÚµéÀº, ÇÏ´À´Ô²²¼´Â ¿ìÁÖ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±×¸®°í ½Ã°£¿¡ ´ëÇÑ
ÅëÄ¡±ÇÀÌ ÀÖÀ¸½Å ÁÖ´Ô
(the sovereign Lord)À̽ÉÀ» ÁÖÀåÇϸé¼, ÀϽŷÐ(monotheism)À»
ÀåÂ÷ °ø°³ÀûÀ¸·Î
°¡¸£Ä¥ °ÍÀ̳ª, ±×·¯³ª ´Ù¸¥ ½Å»ó(ãêßÀ, idol)µé¿¡
´ëÇÑ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ±ÝÁö´Â ±×
ÀÚü°¡
¿À·ÎÁö ÇÑ ºÐÀ̽ŠÂü ÇÏ´À´Ô²²¼ Á¸ÀçÇϽɿ¡ ´ëÇÑ ºÐ¸íÇÑ È®½ÅÀ» ¶æÇÕ´Ï´Ù. "³Ê¿¡°Ô´Â
³ª ¸»°í ´Ù¸¥ ½ÅÀÌ À־ ¾ÈµÈ´Ù(You shall have no other
gods before [or,
besides] me)"´Â ÇÑ ºÐÀ̽ŠÇÏ´À´Ô¿¡ ´ëÇÑ È®½Å(a belief), Áï ÀϽŷÐ(monotheism)À»
ÀǹÌÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
The ban on images was something that marked Israel as different from other peo-
ples. The ban not only covered idols or images of other gods, but also represen-
tations of the Lord.
»ó(images)µé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±ÝÁö´Â
À̽º¶ó¿¤À» ´Ù¸¥ ¹é¼ºµé°ú ´Ù¸£µµ·Ï Ç¥½ÃÇÏ¿´´ø ¾î¶²
°ÍÀ̾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ ±ÝÁö´Â ½Å»ó(ãêßÀ,
idols)µé ȤÀº ´Ù¸¥ Àâ½Å(gods)µéÀÇ
»óµé »Ó¸¸ÀÌ
¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ¶ÇÇÑ ÁÖ´ÔÀÇ Á¶°¢»ó(representations)µéÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù.
The one true God is spiritual and transcendent: he cannot be controlled or mani-
pulated (unlike the gods of Israel's neighbors). On the basis of the mystery of the
incarnate Word Christians began to depict scenes from the Gospel and in so doing
they knew that this was not at odds with God's freedom nor did it make for idolatry.
The Church venerates images because they are representations either of Jesus
who, being truly man had a body, or of saints, who as human beings were por-
trayable and worthy of veneration. The Second Vatican Council recommended the
veneration of sacred images, while calling for sobriety and beauty: "The practice
of placing sacred images in churches so that they be venerated by the faithful is
to be maintained. Nevertheless their number should be moderate and their relative
positions should reflect right order. For otherwise the Christian people may find
them incongruous and they may foster devotion of doubtful orthodoxy" ("Sacro-
sancturn Concilium", 125).
ÇÑ ºÐÀ̽ŠÂü
ÇÏ´À´Ô²²¼´Â ¿µÀûÀÌ¸ç ±×¸®°í ÃÊ¿ùÀûÀ̽ʴϴÙ: (À̽º¶ó¿¤ÀÇ
ÀÌ¿ôµéÀÇ
Àâ½Åµé°ú´Â ´Þ¸®) ´ç½Å²²¼´Â ÅëÁ¦µÇ°Å³ª ȤÀº Á¶ÀÛµÉ(be
controlled or manipulated)
¼ö ¾øÀ¸½Ê´Ï´Ù. °»ýÇϽŠ°Å·èÇÑ ¸»¾¸ÀÇ ½Åºñ¿¡ ±Ù°ÅÇÏ¿©
±×¸®½ºµµÀεéÀº º¹À½¼µé·Î
ºÎÅÍ Àå¸éµéÀ» ¹¦»çÇϱ⠽ÃÀÛÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç ±×¸®°í ±×·¸°Ô ÇÔ¿¡
ÀÖ¾î ±×µéÀº ÀÌ°ÍÀÌ ÇÏ´À´ÔÀÇ
ÀÚÀ¯·Î¿ì½É°ú Á¶È(ðàûú)ÇÏÁö ¸øÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´ÔÀ» ±×¸®°í
ÀÌ°ÍÀÌ ½Å»ó(ãêßÀ, idol)À»
¸¸µå´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´ÔÀ» ¾Ë¾Ò½À´Ï´Ù. ±³È¸´Â »óµéÀ» °ø°æÇϴµ¥ ÀÌ´Â
À̵éÀÌ, ½Åü¸¦
°¡Áö¼Ì´ø ÂüÀ¸·Î »ç¶÷À̽Å, ¿¹¼ö´ÔÀÇ Á¶°¢»óµé, ȤÀº, Àΰ£µé·Î¼ ÃÊ»óÀ» ±×¸±
¼ö ÀÖ´Â
±×¸®°í °ø°æÇÒ ¸¸ÇÑ °¡Ä¡°¡ ÀÖ¾ú´ø, ¼ºÀÎ(satins)µéÀÇ Á¶°¢»óµéÀ̱⠶§¹®ÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
Á¦2Â÷
¹ÙÆ¼Ä °øÀÇȸ´Â ¼º»ó(sacred images)µé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °ø°æÀ», ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ, ´Ù¸¥
ÇÑ ÆíÀ¸·Î
ÁøÁöÇÔ°ú ¾Æ¸§´ÙÀ½(soberiety and beauty)À» ¿ä±¸Çϸé¼, ±Ç°íÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù:
"¿½É
½ÅÀڵ鿡 ÀÇÇÏ¿© ±×µéÀÌ °ø°æÀ» ¹Þµµ·Ï ÇÏ°íÀÚ ±³È¸µé¿¡ ÀÖ¾î ¼º»óµéÀ» ¹èÄ¡ÇÏ´Â
°ü½ÀÀº À¯ÁöµÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·³¿¡µµ ºÒ±¸ÇÏ°í ±×µéÀÇ ¼ýÀÚ´Â Àû´çÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÏ¸ç ±×¸®°í
±×µéÀÇ
»ó´ëÀû À§Ä¡µéÀº ¿Ã¹Ù¸¥ ¼ø¼(right order)¸¦ ¹Ý¿µÇÏ¿©¾ß¸¸ ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ´Â ±×·¯Áö
¾ÊÀ» °æ¿ì¿¡
ÀÖ¾î ±×¸®½ºµµ±³ ¹é¼ºÀº ÀÌ ¼º»óµéÀÌ Á¶È¸¦ ÀÌ·çÁö ¸øÇÔ(incongruous)À»
¹ß°ßÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ»
°ÍÀÌ¸ç ±×¸®°í ±×µéÀÌ Àǽɽº·¯¿î Á¤±³¼º(doubful orthodoxy)¿¡ ´ëÇÑ
°æ°ÇÇÔ(devotion)À»
Á¶¼ºÇÒ(foster) ¼ö Àֱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù" [Á¦2Â÷ ¹ÙÆ¼Ä °øÀÇȸ, °Å·èÇÑ
Àü·Ê¿¡
°üÇÑ ÇåÀå(Àü·Ê ÇåÀå), "°Å·èÇÑ °øÀÇȸ(Sacrosancturn Concilium)", 125].
20:5-6. "A jealous God": an anthropomorphism emphasizing the uniqueness of
God. Since he is the only true God, he cannot abide either the worship of other
gods (cf. 34:14) or worship of idols. Idolatry is the gravest and most condemned
sin in the Bible (cf. "Catechism of the Catholic Church", 2113). Those in charge
of worship in the temple are described as being "jealous" for the Lord (cf. Num
25:13; 1 Kings 19:10, 14), because they have to watch to ensure that no devia-
tions occur. When expelling the money-changers from the temple (Jn 2:17),
Jesus refers to this aspect of priests' responsibility: "Zeal for thy house has
consumed me" (Ps 69:9).
20.5-6. "½Ã±âÇÏ´Â ÇÏ´À´Ô(A jealous God)"(1):
ÇÏ´À´ÔÀÇ À¯Àϼº(uniqueness)À» °Á¶ÇÏ´Â
¾î¶² ÀÇÀÎÈ/ÀÇÀΰü(ëôìÑκ)(an anthropomorphism)ÀÔ´Ï´Ù.(*)
´ç½Å²²¼´Â À¯ÀÏÇϽÅ
Âü
ÇÏ´À´ÔÀ̽ñ⿡, ´ç½Å²²¼´Â ´Ù¸¥ Àâ½Å(gods)µé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿¹¹è(34,14¸¦ ÂüÁ¶Ç϶ó)
ȤÀº ½Å»ó(ãêßÀ)(idols)µé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿¹¹è ¾î´À °Íµµ ÂüÀ» ¼ö°¡ ¾øÀ¸½Ê´Ï´Ù(cannot
abide).(**)
½Å»ó(ãêßÀ)¼þ¹è(idolatry)´Â ¼º°æ¿¡
ÀÖ¾î °¡Àå Áß´ëÇÑ ±×¸®°í °¡Àå ºñ³¹Þ´Â ÁËÀÔ´Ï´Ù
["°¡Å縯
±³È¸ ±³¸®¼(CCCC)", Á¦2113Ç×À» ÂüÁ¶Ç϶ó]. ¼ºÀü(the temple)¿¡¼ÀÇ ¿¹¹è¿¡
´ëÇÑ Ã¥ÀÓÀ» Áö°í ÀÖ´Â ÀÚµéÀº
ÁÖ´Ô¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© "¿¼ºÀûÀÎ(jealous)" °ÍÀ¸·Î¼ ¼³¸íµÇ°í
Àִµ¥(¹Î¼ö±â 25,13; 1¿¿Õ
19,10.14¸¦ ÂüÁ¶Ç϶ó), ¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é ±×µéÀº ¾î¶°ÇÑ ¹þ¾î³²µµ
¹ß»ýÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ½À» È®º¸Çϱâ À§ÇÏ¿©
ÁöÄѺ¸¾Æ¾ß Çϱ⠶§¹®ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¼ºÀüÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ È¯Àü»óµéÀ»
ÂÑ¾Æ ³¾ ¶§¿¡(¿äÇÑ º¹À½¼
2,17), ¿¹¼ö´Ô²²¼´Â »çÁ¦µéÀÇ Ã¥ÀÓÀÇ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¸é¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿©
¾ð±ÞÇϽʴϴÙ: "´ç½Å Áý¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿Á¤ÀÌ Àú¸¦ ºÒÅ¿ì°í ´ç½ÅÀ» ¸ð¿åÇÏ´Â ÀÚµéÀÇ ¸ð¿åÀÌ
Á¦ À§·Î ¶³¾îÁ³±â ¶§¹®ÀÔ´Ï´Ù."(½ÃÆí
69,10(9)).
-----
(1) ¹ø¿ªÀÚ ÁÖ: ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î, NABÀÇ
ÇØ´ç º»¹®¿¡¼ "jealous"·Î ¹ø¿ªµÈ Ç¥ÇöÀ» "»õ
¹ø¿ª
¼º°æ"ÀÇ ÇØ´ç º»¹®¿¡¼, À§¿¡¼ ó·³, "ÁúÅõÇÏ´Â"À¸·Î
¹ø¿ªÇÑ °ÍÀº, Áö¿ª ¾ð¾îÀÎ
¿ì¸®¸»·Î ¼º°æÀÇ º»¹®À» ¹ø¿ªÇÏ´Â °úÁ¤¿¡¼, Àû¾îµµ ±×¸®½ºÀÇ Ã¶ÇÐÀÚÀÎ
¾Æ¸®½ºÅäÅÚ·¹½º
(Aristotle, ±â¿øÀü384-±â¿øÀü322³â)
ÀÌÈÄ·Î ÁöÁßÇØ Áö¿ªÀÇ ¹®È±Ç¿¡¼ ºÐ¸íÇÏ°Ô ¾Ë·ÁÁ®
¿Â, ±×¸®°í Áß±¹ÀÇ Ã»³ª¶ó Ãʱ⿡ ¿¹¼öȸ ¼Ò¼ÓÀÇ ¸¶Å׿À
¸®Ä¡ ½ÅºÎ¿Í ÆÇÅäÇÏ ½ÅºÎ µî¿¡
ÀÇÇÏ¿© Áß±¹À¸·Î õÁÖ±³°¡ Àü·¡µÉ ´ç½Ã¿¡ "Ä¥ÁËÁ¾"µé
ÁßÀÇ Çϳª¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³»´Â ¶óƾ¾î
"invidia"¸¦ "ÁúÅõ"·Î
ÀÌ¹Ì ¹ø¿ªÇÏ¿´°í ±×¸®°í ±× ÀÌÈÄ·Î ÀÌ ¹ø¿ª ¿ë¾î°¡
Áß±¹°ú
¿ì¸®³ª¶óÀÇ ÃµÁÖ±³ ±³¸®¼ µî¿¡¼ °è¼ÓÇÏ¿© »ç¿ëµÇ¾î ¿Ô°í
¶Ç Áö±Ý±îÁöµµ »ç¿ëµÇ°í
ÀÖ´Â, "envy(ÁúÅõ, invidia)"
¶ó´Â °¡Å縯 ±×¸®½ºµµ±³ ½ÅÇÐÀû ¿ë¾îÀÇ Á¤ÀÇ(definition)¸¦
¸ô¶ó¼
¹ß»ýÇÑ, ´ë´ÜÈ÷ ½É°¢ÇÑ ¹ø¿ª ¿À·ùÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´õ ÀÚ¼¼ÇÑ ±ÛµéÀº ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ
ÁÖ¼Ò¿¡ ÀÖÀ¸´Ï Çʵ¶Çϵµ·Ï Ç϶ó:
http://ch.catholic.or.kr/pundang/4/soh/envy_vs_jealousy_concept_error.htm
(*) ¹ø¿ªÀÚ ÁÖ:
¿¹¸¦ µé¾î, ¹Ì½Å(superstition)µéÀÌ
Æ÷ÇԵǾî Àֱ⿡, À¯ºñ(analogy)¿Í´Â
±¸ºÐµÇ°í ¶ÇÇÑ ºÐ¸íÇÏ°Ô ´Ù¸¥, ÀÇÀΰü(ëôìÑκ)(an anthropomorphism)¿¡
´ëÇÑ ±ÛÀº
´ÙÀ½¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù:
http://ch.catholic.or.kr/pundang/4/soh/1506.htm
(**) ¹ø¿ªÀÚ ÁÖ: (1)
¿ì¸®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÇÏ´À´ÔÀÇ »ç¶û¿¡ ÀÖ¾î ÇÏ´À´ÔÀÇ
½Ã±â(jealousy)ÀÇ
´ë»óÀÌ,
¿ì¸®°¡ ¾Æ´Ï°í, Àâ½Åµé [¹× ½Å»ó(ãêßÀ)µé]ÀÓ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±ÛµéÀº ´ÙÀ½¿¡
ÀÖ´Ù:
http://ch.catholic.or.kr/pundang/4/soh/1509.htm
http://ch.catholic.or.kr/pundang/4/soh/1515.htm
[³»¿ë Ãß°¡ ÀÏÀÚ: 2021³â 3¿ù 6ÀÏ]
(2) ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ ÁÖ¼Ò¿¡ Á¢¼ÓÇϸé, "½Å»ó"(ãêßÀ, idol)°ú
"¿ì»ó"(éÏßÀ, Çã¼ö¾Æºñ »ó)ÀÇ Â÷ÀÌÁ¡¿¡
´ëÇÑ ±ÛÀ» ÀÐÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù:
http://ch.catholic.or.kr/pundang/4/soh/intro2idol.htm
<----- Çʵ¶ ±Ç°í
(3) Çѹ® ¹®È±Ç ³»¿¡¼ 1814³â°æ¿¡ À̸£±â±îÁö, 1583³â°ú
±× ÀÌÈÄ¿¡ Áß±¹ º»Åä¿¡
¼±±³»ç·Î ÆÄ°ßµÈ ¿¹¼öȸ ¼Ò¼ÓÀÇ ½ÅºÎ´Ôµé¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿©, ¿µ¾î·Î
¡®idol¡¯·Î ¹ø¿ªµÇ´Â ¼º°æ
¿ë¾î¿¡ ´ëÀÀÇÏ´Â ÇÑÀÚ ¹ø¿ª ¿ë¾î´Â, ¡®¿ì»ó¡¯(éÏßÀ,
Çã¼ö¾Æºñ »ó)ÀÌ °áÄÚ
¾Æ´Ï°í,
¡®½Å»ó¡¯(ãêßÀ)À̾ú´Ù. ±× ÀÚ±¸Àû Àǹ̿¡ ÀÖ¾î, ¡®½Å»ó¡¯(ãêßÀ,
idol)Àº ¡®¿ì»ó¡¯(éÏßÀ, Çã¼ö¾Æºñ
»ó)À̳ª, ±×·¯³ª ±× ¿ªÀº ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î ¼º¸³ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ½À»
²À ±â¾ïÇϵµ·Ï Ç϶ó.
¿Ö³ÄÇϸé, ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î, (i) ¾ÆÀ̵éÀÌ °¡Áö°í
³ë´Â Àå³°¨ÀÎ, Á¸ÀçÇÏ´Â ÇÇÁ¶¹°ÀÎ »ç¶÷À»
»ó¡Çϰųª ȤÀº ´ëüÇÏ´Â ¿ëµµ·Î ³ª¹« µîÀ¸·Î ¸¸µç, ÀÎÇü(ìÑû¡,
doll), Áï, ¿ìÀÎ(éÏìÑ,
Çã¼ö¾Æºñ »ç¶÷), ȤÀº (ii) ¼øÀåÁ¦(âæí÷ð¤) ½ÃÀý
ÀÌÈÄ¿¡ ¹«´ý ¾È¿¡ ÇÔ²² ¹¯´Â ºÎÀåÇ°
(Üùí÷ù¡) ¿ëµµ·Î Á¦ÀÛµÈ, Á¸ÀçÇÏ´Â ÇÇÁ¶¹°ÀÎ »ç¶÷À»
»ó¡Çϰųª ȤÀº ´ëüÇÏ´Â ¿ëµµÀÎ,
¸ñ¿ì(ÙÊéÏ, ³ª¹« ÀÎÇü) Áï, ¸ñ¿ìÀÎ(ÙÊéÏìÑ) µîÀº, ¡®¿ì»ó¡¯(éÏßÀ,
Çã¼ö¾Æºñ »ó)À̳ª, ±×·¯³ª
À̵éÀº, ±×¸®½ºµµ±³ ÀüÅëÀû Á¤ÀÇ¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿©(by definition),
Á¸ÀçÇÏÁöµµ ¾Ê´Â ±× ¹«¾ù(A)À»
Á¸ÀçÇÑ´Ù´Â ÁÖÀå°ú ÇÔ²² ¾î¶² »ó(ßÀ)À» ¸¸µé°í ¶ÇÇÑ ¹Ù·Î ÀÌ
»ó(ßÀ) ÂÊÀ¸·Î ÇѺÐÀ̽Å
ÇÏ´À´Ô¿¡°Ô¸¸ ¿À·ÎÁö ÇÕ´çÇÑ Èì¼þ(adoration)°ú °æ¹è(worship)¸¦
¹ÙÄ¡´Â, ¹Ù·Î ±×
´ë»ó(A)À» ¸»ÇÏ´Â ¡®½Å»ó¡¯(ãêßÀ, idol)ÀÌ ºÐ¸íÈ÷ ¾Æ´Ï±â
¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.
[ÀÌ»ó, 2021³â 3¿ù 6ÀÏÀÚ ³»¿ë Ãß°¡ ³¡]
-----
On the Lord's merciful retribution, cf. the note on Ex 34:6-7.
ÁÖ´ÔÀÇ ÀÚºñ·Î¿ì½Å ÀÀº¸(retribution)¿¡
´ëÇÏ¿©¼´Â, Å»Ãâ±â
34,6-7¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÁÖ¼®À»
ÂüÁ¶Ç϶ó.
20:7. Respect for God's name is respect for God himself. Hence this is prohibition
on invoking the name of the Lord to gain credence for evil, be it at a trial (by com-
mitting perjury), or by swearing to do something evil, or by blasphemy (cf. Sir 23:
7-12). In ancient times, Israel's neighbors used the names of their gods in magi-
cal conjuration; in such a situation the invoking of the Lord's name is idolatrous.
In general, this commandment forbids any abuse, any disrespect, any irreverent
use of the name of God. And, to put it positively, "The second commandment
'prescribes respect for the Lord's name'. Like the first commandment, it belongs
to the virtue of religion and more particularly it governs our use of speech in sa-
cred matters" ("Catechism of the Catholic Church", 2142).
20,7 ÇÏ´À´ÔÀÇ À̸§¿¡ ´ëÇÑ
Á¸°æÀº ÇÏ´À´Ô ´ç½Å Àڽſ¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¸°æÀÔ´Ï´Ù. µû¶ó¼,
ÀÌ°ÍÀº [À§Áõ(perjury)À» ¹üÇÔÀ¸·Î½á] ÀçÆÇ¿¡¼ ±×·¯ÇÑ, ȤÀº
¾Ç(evil)ÀÎ ¾î¶² °ÍÀ»
ÇàÇÏ°Ú´Ù°í ¸Í¼¼ÇÔÀ¸·Î½á, ȤÀº ½Å¼º ¸ðµ¶¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿©(Áýȸ¼
23,7-12¸¦ ÂüÁ¶Ç϶ó),
¾Ç¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ½ÅÀÓ(credence for evil)À» ȹµæÇϱâ
À§ÇÏ¿© ÇÏ´À´ÔÀÇ À̸§À» ºÎ¸£´Â °Í¿¡
´ëÇÑ ±ÝÁö¸¦ ¸»ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. °í´ë ½Ã´ë¿¡ ÀÖ¾î, À̽º¶ó¿¤ÀÇ
ÀÌ¿ôµéÀº ÀڽŵéÀÇ Àâ½ÅµéÀÇ
À̸§À» ¸¶¼úÀû ÁÖ¹®(magical conjuration) ¾È¿¡¼ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç,
±×¸®°í ±×·¯ÇÑ
»óȲ¿¡¼ ÁÖ´ÔÀ̶ó´Â À̸§À» ºÎ¸£´Â °ÍÀº ½Å»ó(ãêßÀ)À» ¼þ¹èÇÏ´Â(idolatrous)
°ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î, ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ °è¸íÀº ÇÏ´À´ÔÀÇ À̸§¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¾î¶°ÇÑ
³²¿ë(abuse), ¾î¶°ÇÑ
¹«·Ê(disrespect), ¾î¶°ÇÑ ºÒ¼ÕÇÑ »ç¿ëµµ ±ÝÁöÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ±×¸®°í
ÀÌ°ÍÀ» ±àÁ¤ÀûÀ¸·Î
¸»Çؼ(to put is positively), "Á¦2¹ø° °è¸íÀº 'ÁÖ´ÔÀ̶ó´Â
À̸§¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¸°æÀ» ¸í·ÉÇÑ´Ù'.
ù ¹ø° °è¸íó·³, ÀÌ°ÍÀº °æ½Å´ö(Ì×ãêÓì, the virtue of religion)(2)¿¡
¼ÓÇÏ¸ç ±×¸®°í
´õ Ưº°ÇÏ°Ô ÀÌ°ÍÀº ¼º½º·¯¿î Àϵ鿡 ÀÖ¾î ¿ì¸®ÀÇ È¹ýÀÇ
»ç¿ë(use of speech)À»
´Ù½º¸°´Ù." ("°¡Å縯
±³È¸ ±³¸®¼(CCC)", Á¦2142Ç×).
-----
(2) ¹ø¿ªÀÚ ÁÖ: ÇÏ´À´Ô¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ
Á¤ÀÇ(justice)ÀÇ ´öÀÎ "°æ½Å´ö(Ì×ãêÓì)"ÀÇ Á¤ÀÇ
(definition)¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿©¼´Â ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ ±ÛÀ» Âü°íÇ϶ó:
http://ch.catholic.or.kr/pundang/4/soh/799.htm
-----
20:8-11. Israel's history evidently influenced the formulation of the sabbath precept,
given that the usual apodictic mode is not used and that the prescriptions concer-
ning this day are very well developed.
20,8-11. À̽º¶ó¿¤ÀÇ ¿ª»ç´Â
¾È½ÄÀÏ ±ÔÁ¤ÀÇ Çü¼º¿¡, º¸ÅëÀÇ ºÐ¸íÇÏ°í È®½ÇÇÑ ³íÁõÀÇ
´É·ÂÀÌ ÀÖ´Â ¹æ½Ä(apodictic mode)ÀÌ »ç¿ëµÇÁö ¾Ê´Â Á¡À» °í·ÁÇÒ
¶§¿¡ ±×¸®°í ÀÌ ³¯¿¡
°üÇÑ ±ÔÁ¤µéÀÌ ¸Å¿ì Àß ¹ßÀüµÈ Á¡À» °í·ÁÇÒ ¶§¿¡, ºÐ¸íÇÏ°Ô
¿µÇâÀ» ÁÖ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù.
The commandment includes three ideas: the sabbath is a holy day, dedicated to
the Lord; work is forbidden on it; one reason for it is to imitate God, who rested
from creation on the seventh day.
ÀÌ °è¸í[Áï,
Á¦3¹ø° °è¸í]Àº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº ¼¼ °³ÀÇ
°³³äµéÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÕ´Ï´Ù: ¾È½ÄÀÏÀº,
ÁÖ´Ô²² ºÀÇåµÈ, °Å·èÇÑ ³¯À̸ç, ±×¸®°í ÀÌ ³¯¿¡ ÀÏ(work)Àº ±ÝÁöµÇ¸ç, ±×¸®°í ÀÌ°Í¿¡
´ëÇÑ ÇÑ °³ÀÇ ÀÌÀ¯´Â, ÀÏ°ö ¹ø° ³¯¿¡ âÁ¶·ÎºÎÅÍ ÈÞ½ÄÀ» ÃëÇϼ̴ø, ÇÏ´À´ÔÀ»
º»¹Þ¾Æ¾ß
(imitate) Çϱ⠶§¹®ÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
The sabbath is a holy day, that is, different from ordinary days (cf. Lev 23:3) be-
cause it is dedicated to God. No special rites are prescribed but the word "rem-
ember" (different from "observe" in Deuteronomy 5:10) is a word with cultic asso-
ciations. Whatever the etymology or social origin of the sabbath was, in the Bible
it is always something holy (cf. 16:22-30).
¾È½ÄÀÏÀº °Å·èÇÑ ³¯, Áï
ÇÏ´À´Ô²² ºÀÇåµÇ±â ¶§¹®¿¡ Åë»óÀÇ ³¯µé°ú ´Ù¸¥ ³¯(·¹À§±â
23,3
À» ÂüÁ¶Ç϶ó) ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¾î¶² Ưº°ÇÑ ÀǽÄ(rites)µéÀÌ ±ÔÁ¤µÇ¾î
ÀÖÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸ç ´ë½Å¿¡
[½Å¸í±â 5,10¿¡¼ "ÁöÄѶó(observe)"
¿Í´Â ´Ù¸¥] ´Ü¾îÀÎ "±â¾ïÇ϶ó(remember)" ´Ü¾î°¡
¿¹¹èÀû ¿¬»ó(cultic associations)µéÀ» °¡Áø ÇÑ °³ÀÇ ´Ü¾îÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
¾È½ÄÀÏ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¾î±Ù
ȤÀº »çȸÀû ¿øõÀÌ ¹«¾ùÀ̾úµçÁö°£¿¡ ¼º°æ¿¡ ÀÖ¾î ÀÌ°ÍÀº
Ç×»ó °Å·èÇÑ ¾î¶² °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù
(16,22-30À» ÂüÁ¶Ç϶ó).
Sabbath rest implies that there is an obligation to work on the previous six days
(v. 9). Work is the only justification for rest. The Hebrew word "sabat" actually
means "sabbath" and "rest". But on this day rest acquires a cultic value, for no
special sacrifices or rites are prescribed for the sabbath: the whole community,
and even animals, render homage to God by ceasing from their labors.
¾È½ÄÀÏ ÈÞ½ÄÀº ÀÌÀüÀÇ ¿©¼¸
³¯µé µ¿¾È¿¡ ÀÏÀ» ÇÒ Àǹ«°¡ ÀÖÀ½À» ¶æÇÕ´Ï´Ù(Á¦9Àý).
ÀÏÀº ÈÞ½ÄÀ» À§ÇÑ À¯ÀÏÇÑ Á¤´çÈ(justification)ÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
È÷ºê¸®¾î ´Ü¾î "»ç¹ÙÆ®(sabat)"´Â
½ÇÁ¦·Î "¾È½ÄÀÏ(sabath)" ¹× "ÈÞ½Ä(rest)"¸¦
ÀǹÌÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÀÌ ³¯¿¡ ÈÞ½ÄÀº ¾î¶²
¿¹¹èÀû °¡Ä¡¸¦ ¾ò´Âµ¥, ÀÌ´Â ¾î¶°ÇÑ Æ¯º°ÇÑ Á¦¹°µé ȤÀº
ÀǽĵéÀÌ ¾È½ÄÀÏÀ» À§ÇÏ¿©
±ÔÁ¤µÇ¾î ÀÖÁö ¾Ê±â ¶§¹®ÀÔ´Ï´Ù: Àüü °øµ¿Ã¼, ±×¸®°í
½ÉÁö¾î µ¿¹°µéÀº ÀڽŵéÀÇ
³ëµ¿µé·ÎºÎÅÍ ±×¸¸µÒÀ¸·Î½á ÇÏ´À´Ô²² °æÀǸ¦ Ç¥ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
20:12 The fourth is the first commandment to do with interpersonal relationships
(the subject of the second "table" as ancient Christian writers used to term these
commandments: cf. "Catechism of the Catholic Church", 2197). Like the sabbath
precept, it is couched in a positive way, its direct reference is to family members.
The fact that it comes immediately after the precepts that refer to God shows its
importance. Parents, in effect, represent God within the family circle.
20,12. Á¦4¹ø° °è¸íÀº (°í´ë
±×¸®½ºµµ±³ Àú¼ú°¡µéÀÌ ÀÌµé °è¸íµéÀ» ºÎ¸£°í ÇÏ¿´µíÀÌ
µÎ ¹ø° "Ç¥(table)"ÀÇ ÁÖÁ¦ÀÎ, "°¡Å縯
±³È¸ ±³¸®¼(CCC)", Á¦2197Ç×À»
ÂüÁ¶Ç϶ó)
»ç¶÷°ú »ç¶÷ »çÀÌÀÇ °ü°èµé°ú °ü·ÃÀÌ ÀÖ´Â
ù ¹ø° °è¸í ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¾È½ÄÀÏ ±Ô¹üó·³,
ÀÌ°ÍÀº ¾î¶² ±àÁ¤Àû ¹æ½Ä(a positive way)À¸·Î Ç¥ÇöµÇ¸ç,
ÀÌ°ÍÀÇ Á÷Á¢Àû ¾ð±ÞÀº
°¡Á· ±¸¼º¿øµé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ºÎ¸ðµéÀº, »ç½Ç»ó, °¡Á·
¹üÀ§ ¾ÈÂÊ¿¡¼ ÇÏ´À´ÔÀ»
³ªÅ¸³À´Ï´Ù.
The commandment has to do not only with young children (cf. Prov 19:26; 20:20;
23:22;; 30:17), who have a duty to remain subject to their parents (Deut 21:18-21),
but to all children whatever their age, because it is offenses committed by older
children that incur a curse (cf. Deut 17:16).
ÀÌ °è¸íÀº, ÀڽŵéÀÇ
ºÎ¸ðµé¿¡ Á¾¼ÓµÇ¾î ¸Ó¹°·¯ ÀÖÀ» Àǹ«°¡ ÀÖ´Â, ¾î¸°
ÀÚ³àµé°ú
°ü·ÃµÇ¾î¼ »Ó¸¸ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó(Àá¾ð 19,26; 20,20; 23,20; 3-,17À»
ÂüÁ¶Ç϶ó), ¶ÇÇÑ ±×µéÀÇ
³ªÀÌ°¡ ¾îÂîµÇµçÁö°£¿¡ ¸ðµç ÀÚ³àµé¿¡°Ô °ü·ÃµÇ¾î Àִµ¥,
¿Ö³ÄÇϸé ÀÌ°ÍÀº ¾î¶²
ÀúÁÖ(a curse)¸¦ ÀÚÃÊÇÏ´Â(incur) ´õ ´ÄÀº ÀÚ³à(older children)µé¿¡
ÀÇÇÏ¿© ¹üÇØÁö´Â
À§¹Ý(offenses)µéÀ̱⠶§¹®ÀÔ´Ï´Ù (½Å¸í±â 17,16À»
ÂüÁ¶Ç϶ó).
The promise of a long life to those who keep this commandment shows how im-
portant it is for the individual, and also the importance the family has for society.
The Second Vatican Council summed up the value of the family by calling it the
"domestic church" ("Lumen Gentium", 11; cf. John Paul II, "Familiaris Consortio",
21).
ÀÌ °è¸íÀ» ÁöÅ°´Â
Àڵ鿡°Ô ÁÖ¾îÁö´Â Àå¼ö(a long life)ÀÇ ¾à¼ÓÀº ÀÌ°ÍÀÌ
°³ÀεéÀ»
À§ÇÏ¿© ¾ó¸¶³ª Áß¿äÇÑÁö¸¦ º¸¿©ÁÖ¸ç, ±×¸®°í »çȸ¸¦ À§ÇÏ¿©
°¡Á·ÀÌ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Â
Á߿伺À» º¸¿©ÁÝ´Ï´Ù. Á¦2Â÷ ¹ÙÆ¼Ä °øÀÇȸ´Â °¡Á·ÀÇ °¡Ä¡¸¦,
°¡Á·À» "°¡Á¤ÀÇ ±³È¸
(domestic church)"¶ó°í ºÎ¸§À¸·Î½á, ¿ä¾àÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù [Á¦2Â÷
¹ÙÆ¼Ä °øÀÇȸ,
"ÀηùÀÇ
ºû(Lumen Gentium)", Á¦11Ç×; ±×¸®°í ¿äÇÑ ¹Ù¿À·Î 2¼¼(John
Paul II,
"°¡Á¤
°øµ¿Ã¼(Familiaris Consortio)", Á¦21Ç×À» ÂüÁ¶Ç϶ó].
20:13. The fifth commandment directly forbids vengeful killing of one's enemy,
that is, murder; so it protects the sacredness of human life. The prohibition on
murder already comes across in the account of the death of Abel (cf. Gen 4:10)
and the precepts given to Noah (cf. Gen 9:6): life is something that belongs to
God alone.
20,13. Á¦5¹ø° °è¸íÀº
ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¿ø¼ö¿¡ ´ëÇÑ º¸º¹Àû Á×ÀÌ´Â ÇàÀ§(vengeful killing),
Áï »ìÀÎ(murder)À» Á÷Á¢ÀûÀ¸·Î ±ÝÁöÇϸç, ±×·¸°Ô ÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ÀÌ
°è¸íÀº Àΰ£ÀÇ »ý¸íÀÇ
¼º½º·¯¿òÀ» º¸È£ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. »ìÀο¡ ´ëÇÑ ±ÝÁö´Â ¾Æº§(Abel)ÀÇ
Á×À½¿¡ ´ëÇÑ À̾߱⿡¼
(â¼¼±â 4,10)À» ÂüÁ¶Ç϶ó), ±×¸®°í ³ë¾Æ(Noah)¿¡°Ô
ÁÖ¾îÁ³´ø ±Ô¹üµé¿¡¼(â¼¼±â 9,6À»
ÂüÁ¶Ç϶ó) ÀÌ¹Ì ¶°¿À¸¨´Ï´Ù: »ý¸íÀº
ÇÏ´À´Ô²²¸¸ ¼ÓÇÏ´Â ±× ¹«¾ùÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
Revelation and the teaching of the Church tell us more about the scope of this
precept: it is only in very specific circumstances (such as social or personal self-
defense) that a person may be deprived of his or her life. Obviously, the killing of
weaker members of society (abortion, direct euthanasia) is a particularly grave
sin.
°Å·èÇÑ °è½Ã(Revelation)¿Í
±³È¸ÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§Àº ¿ì¸®µé¿¡°Ô ÀÌ ±Ô¹üÀÇ ¹üÀ§¿¡ °üÇÏ¿©
´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ´õ °¡¸£Ä¨´Ï´Ù: ÇÑ »ç¶÷ÀÌ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ »ý¸íÀ»
¹ÚÅ»´çÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀº ¿À·ÎÁö
(»çȸÀû ȤÀº °³ÀÎÀû Á¤´ç¹æÀ§(self-defense) µî°ú °°Àº) ¸Å¿ì
Ưº°ÇÑ »óȲµé¿¡ À־Ó
ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ºÐ¸íÇÏ°Ô, [³«ÅÂ(abortion), Á÷Á¢ÀûÀÎ ¾È¶ô»ç(direct
euthanasia) µî°ú °°Àº]
»çȸÀÇ ´õ Èû¾ø´Â(weaker) ±¸¼º¿øµéÀ» Á×ÀÌ´Â ÇàÀ§´Â ƯÈ÷
Áß´ëÇÑ ÁËÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
The encyclical "Evangelium Vitae" spells out the Church's teaching on this com-
mandment which "has absolute value when it refers to the 'innocent person'. [...]
Therefore, by the authority which Christ conferred upon Peter and his Succes-
sors, and in communion with the Bishops of the Catholic Church, 'I confirm that
the direct and voluntary killing of an innocent human being is always gravely im-
moral'" (John Paul II, "Evangelium Vitae", 57).
±³È² ȸĢ "»ý¸íÀÇ º¹À½(Evangelium Vitae)" Àº
ÀÌ °è¸í¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±³È¸ÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§À» ´ÙÀ½°ú
°°ÀÌ »ó¼¼È÷ ¼³¸íÇÕ´Ï´Ù: "ÀÌ °è¸íÀº ÀÌ°ÍÀÌ '¹«°íÇÑ ÀÚ(innocent
person)' ¸¦ ¾ð±ÞÇÒ
¶§¿¡ Àý´ëÀû °¡Ä¡¸¦ Áö´Õ´Ï´Ù. [...] ±×·¯¹Ç·Î, ±×¸®½ºµµ²²¼ º£µå·Î(Peter)¿Í
±×
ÈÄ°èÀڵ鿡°Ô
¼ö¿©Çϼ̴ø ¹Ù·Î ±× ±ÇÀ§·Î½á, ±×¸®°í °¡Å縯 ±³È¸ÀÇ
ÁÖ±³µé°úÀÇ Çϳª µÊ
(communion, Ä£±³, Åë°ø) ¾È¿¡¼, 'Àú´Â ¾î¶² ¹«°íÇÑ Àΰ£¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á÷Á¢Àû
±×¸®°í ÀÚ¹ßÀû
(voluntary)Á×ÀÌ´Â ÇàÀ§´Â Ç×»ó Áß´ëÇÏ°Ô ºñÀ±¸®Àû(immoral)ÀÓÀ» È®¾ðÇÕ´Ï´Ù'"
¿äÇÑ ¹Ù¿À·Î 2¼¼(John Paul II), "»ý¸íÀÇ
º¹À½(Evangelium Vitae)", Á¦57Ç×].
Our Lord taught that the positive meaning of this commandment was the obliga-
tion to practise charity (cf. Mt 5:21-26): "In the Sermon on the Mount, the Lord
recalls the commandment, 'You shall not kill' (Mt 5:21), and adds to it the pro-
scription of anger, hatred and vengeance. Going further, Christ asks his disciples
to turn the other cheek, to love their enemies (cf. Mt 5:22-28). He did not defend
himself and told Peter to leave his sword in its sheath (cf. Mt 26:52)." ("Cate-
chism of the Catholic Church", 2262).
¿ì¸®ÀÇ ÁÖ´Ô²²¼´Â ÀÌ
°è¸íÀÇ ±àÁ¤Àû ÀǹÌ(the positive meaning)°¡ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ
[ÃÊÀÚ¿¬Àû ´öµéÀÎ ÇâÁÖ»ï´öµé ÁßÀÇ ÇϳªÀÎ] ¾Ö´ö(charity,
»ç¶û, ¾Æ°¡Æä)À» ½ÇõÇÏ¿©¾ß
ÇÏ´Â Àǹ«(¸¶Å¿À º¹À½¼ 5,21-26À» ÂüÁ¶Ç϶ó)¶ó°í
°¡¸£Ä¡¼Ì½À´Ï´Ù:
"»ê»ó ¼³±³¿¡¼, ÁÖ´Ô²²¼´Â '»ìÀÎÇؼ´Â ¾È µÈ´Ù' (¸¶Å¿À
º¹À½¼ 5,21)¶ó´Â ÀÌ °è¸íÀ»
»ó±âÇϽøç, ±×¸®°í ÀÌ °è¸í¿¡ ºÐ³ë(anger), Áõ¿À(hatred)
±×¸®°í º¹¼ö(vengence)ÀÇ
±ÝÁö(proscription)À» Ãß°¡ÇϽʴϴÙ. ´õ ³ª¾Æ°¡, ±×¸®½ºµµ²²¼´Â
´ç½ÅÀÇ Á¦Àڵ鿡°Ô,
ÀڽŵéÀÇ ¿ø¼öµéÀ» »ç¶ûÇϱâ À§ÇÏ¿©, ´Ù¸¥ »´À» µ¹·Á ´î °Í(turn
the other cheek)(3)À»
¿ä±¸ÇϽʴϴ٠(¸¶Å¿À º¹À½¼ 22-28À» ÂüÁ¶Ç϶ó). ´ç½Å²²¼´Â
´ç½Å ÀÚ½ÅÀ» ¹æ¾îÇÏÁö
¾ÊÀ¸¼ÌÀ¸¸ç ±×¸®°í º£µå·Î¿¡°Ô ±×ÀÇ Ä®À» Ä®Áý¿¡ µµ·Î
²È¾Æ¶ó°í ¸»¾¸Çϼ̽À´Ï´Ù
(¸¶Å¿À º¹À½¼ 26,52¸¦ ÂüÁ¶Ç϶ó)." ["°¡Å縯
±³È¸ ±³¸®¼(CCC)", Á¦2262Ç×].
-----
(3) ¹ø¿ªÀÚ ÁÖ: "turn the other cheek"¿¡
´ëÇÑ ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ ¼³¸íÀº, ¾Æ·¡ÀÇ Ãâó¿¡ ÁÖ¾îÁø,
Merriam-Webster On Line DictionaryÀÇ ¼³¸íÀÌ´Ù:
turn the other cheek: to respond to injury or unkindness with patience:
forgo retaliation
´Ù¸¥ »´À» µ¹·Á ´ë¾î¶ó: ħÇØ ÇàÀ§ ȤÀº ºÒÄ£Àý¿¡
´ëÇÏ¿© Àγ»·Î½á ÀÀ´äÇ϶ó: º¸º¹À» ¸Ö¸®
Ç϶ó.
Ãâó: ¿©±â¸¦
Ŭ¸¯ÇϽʽÿÀ
-----
20:14. The sixth commandment is orientated to safeguarding the holiness of mar-
riage. In the Old Testament there were very severe penalties for those who com-
mitted adultery (cf. Deut 22:23ff; Lev 20:10). As Revelation progresses, it will be-
come clear that not only is adultery grave, because it damages the rights of the
other spouse, but every sexual disorder degrades the dignity of the person and is
an offense against God (cf. e.g., Prov 7:8-27; 23:27-28). Jesus Christ, by his life
and teaching, showed the positive thrust of this precept (cf. Mt 5:27-32): "Jesus
came to restore creation to the purity of its origins. In the Sermon on the Mount,
he interprets God's plan strictly: 'You have heard that it was said, "You shall not
commit adultery." But I say to you that every one who looks at a woman lustfully
has already committed adultery with her in his heart' (Mt 5:27-28). What God has
joined together, let not man put asunder (cf. Mt 19:6). The tradition of the Church
has understood the sixth commandment as encompassing the whole of human
sexuality." ("Catechism of the Catholic Church", 2336).
20,14. Á¦6¹ø° °è¸íÀº
È¥ÀÎÀÇ °Å·èÇÔÀ» º¸È£Çϱâ À§ÇÏ¿© ¹æÇâÁö¾îÁ® ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù
(is oriented to). ±¸¾à ¼º°æ¿¡ °£À½À» ¹üÇÑ Àڵ鿡 ´ëÇÑ °¡È¤ÇÑ
¹úµéÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù
(½Å¸í±â 22,23 ¹× À̾îÁö´Â ¸î °³ÀÇ Àýµé, ·¹À§±â 20,10À»
ÂüÁ¶Ç϶ó). °Å·èÇÑ °è½Ã
(Revelation°¡ ÁøÇàÇÔ¿¡ µû¶ó, ¿Ö³ÄÇϸé ÀÌ ¹úµéÀÌ ´Ù¸¥ ¹è¿ìÀÚÀÇ
±Ç¸®µéÀ» ħÇØÇϱâ
¶§¹®¿¡, Áß´ëÇÑ °£À½»Ó¸¸ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ¸ðµç ¼ºÀû ¹«Áú¼°¡ ´ç»çÀÚÀÇ
Á¸¾ö¼ºÀ» ¶³¾î¶ß¸®¸ç
±×¸®ÇÏ¿© ÇÏ´À´Ô¿¡ ¹ÝÇÏ´Â ÇϳªÀÇ À§¹Ý(an offense) ÀÔ´Ï´Ù (¿¹¸¦
µé¾î, Àá¾ð 7,8-27;
23,27-28À» ÂüÁ¶Ç϶ó). ¿¹¼ö ±×¸®½ºµµ²²¼´Â, ´ç½ÅÀÇ
»î°ú °¡¸£Ä§À¸·Î½á, ÀÌ ±Ô¹üÀÇ
±àÁ¤Àû ¿äÁö(the positive thrust)¸¦ º¸¿©Áּ̽À´Ï´Ù (¸¶Å¿À º¹À½¼
5,27-32¸¦
ÂüÁ¶Ç϶ó): "¿¹¼ö´Ô²²¼´Â ÇÇÁ¶¹°µéÀ» ±×µé
º»·¡ÀÇ ¼ø¼öÇÔ(the purity of its
origins)À¸·Î ȸº¹½ÃÅ°°íÀÚ(restore) ¿À¼Ì½À´Ï´Ù.(4)
»ê»ó ¼³±³¿¡¼, ´ç½Å²²¼´Â
ÇÏ´À´ÔÀÇ °èȹÀ» ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ¾ö°ÝÇÏ°Ô Çؼ®ÇϽʴϴÙ:
'"°£À½Çؼ´Â ¾È
µÈ´Ù" °í À̸£½Å ¸»¾¸À» ³ÊÈñ´Â µé¾ú´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ³ª´Â ³ÊÈñ¿¡°Ô ¸»ÇÑ´Ù.
À½¿åÀ»
Ç°°í ¿©ÀÚ¸¦
¹Ù¶óº¸´Â ÀÚ´Â ´©±¸³ª ÀÌ¹Ì ¸¶À½À¸·Î ±× ¿©ÀÚ¿Í °£À½À» ÇÑ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.'
(¸¶Å¿À º¹À½¼
5,27-28). ÇÏ´À´Ô²²¼ ¸Î¾îÁֽŠ°ÍÀ» »ç¶÷ÀÌ °¥¶ó³õ¾Æ¼´Â ¾È µÈ´Ù.
(¸¶Å¿À
º¹À½¼ 19,16À» ÂüÁ¶Ç϶ó). ±³È¸ÀÇ ÀüÅëÀº ÀÌ ¿©¼¸ ¹ø° °è¸íÀ» Àΰ£ÀÇ
¼º(human sexuality)
ÀüºÎ¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î¼ ÀÌÇØÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù."
["°¡Å縯
±³È¸ ±³¸®¼(CCC)", Á¦2336Ç×].
-----
(4) ¹ø¿ªÀÚ ÁÖ: ÀÌ °¡¸£Ä§¿¡ ´ëÇÑ
ÀÌÇØ´Â "ÇÏ´À´ÔÀÇ »ç¶û(the love of God)"¿¡ ´ëÇÑ
½ÅÇÐÀû ÀÌÇظ¦ ²À ÇÊ¿ä·Î ÇÑ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ ±ÛÀ» Â÷ºÐÈ÷ Àаí
¹¬»óÇÒ °ÍÀ» °·ÂÇÏ°Ô ±Ç°íÇÑ´Ù:
http://ch.catholic.or.kr/pundang/4/soh/1086.htm
-----
20:15. Because the Decalogue is regulating inter-personal relationships, this
commandment condemns firstly the abducting of persons in order to sell them
into slavery (cf. Deut 24:7) but obviously it covers unjust appropriation of another's
goods. The Church continues to remind us that every violation of the right to pro-
perty is unjust (cf. "Catechism of the Catholic Church", 2409); but this is particu-
larly true if actions of that type lead to the enslavement of human beings, or to
depriving them of their dignity, as happens in traffic in children, trade in human
embryos, the taking of hostages, arbitrary arrest or imprisonment, racial segre-
gation, concentration camps, etc. "The seventh commandment forbids acts or
enterprises that for any reason--selfish or ideological, commercial or totalitarian
-lead to the "enslavement of human beings", to their being bought, sold and ex-
changed like merchandise, in disregard for their personal dignity. It is a sin
against the dignity of persons and their fundamental rights to reduce them by vio-
lence to their productive value or to a source of profit. St Paul directed a Christian
master to treat his Christian slave 'no longer as a slave but more than a slave, as
a beloved brother...both in the flesh and in the Lord' (Philem 16)" ("Catechism of
the Catholic Church", 2414).
20,15. ½Ê°è¸íÀÌ »ç¶÷°ú
»ç¶÷ »çÀÌÀÇ °ü°èµéÀ» ±ÔÁ¦Çϱ⠶§¹®¿¡, ÀÌ °è¸í[Áï,
Á¦7¹ø°
°è¸í]Àº
ù°·Î »ç¶÷µéÀ» ³ë¿¹·Î Æȱâ À§ÇÏ¿© À¯±«ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ºñ³Çϳª(½Å¸í±â
24,7À»
ÂüÁ¶Ç϶ó), ±×·¯³ª ÀÌ °è¸íÀº ´Ù¸¥ ÀÌÀÇ ÀçÈ(goods)µéÀÇ ºÒÀÇÇÑ µµ¿ë(unjust
appropriation)¿¡
Àû¿ëµË´Ï´Ù(covers). ±³È¸´Â ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô Àç»ê¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±Ç¸®ÀÇ ¸ðµç
ħÇØ(violation)´Â
ºÒÀÇÇÏ´Ù°í °è¼ÓÇÏ¿© »ó±â½ÃÅ°³ª["°¡Å縯
±³È¸ ±³¸®¼(CCC)",
Á¦2409Ç×À» ÂüÁ¶Ç϶ó], ±×·¯³ª ÀÌ Ä§ÇØ´Â, ¾î¸°À̵éÀÇ ¸Å¸Å, Àΰ£ ¹è¾Æ(human
(embryos)µéÀÇ °Å·¡, ÀÎÁú
ÇàÀ§, ÀÓÀÇÀÇ Ã¼Æ÷ ȤÀº °¨±Ý, ÀÎÁ¾ ºÐ¸®(racial segregation),
°Á¦ ¼ö¿ë¼Ò(concentration
camps)µé µî¿¡¼ ¹ß»ýÇϵíÀÌ, ¸¸¾à¿¡ ±×·¯ÇÑ Á¾·ùÀÇ
ÇàÀ§µéÀÌ
Àΰ£µéÀÇ ³ë¿¹ ¸¸µé±â, ȤÀº ±×µé·ÎºÎÅÍ ±×µéÀÇ Á¸¾ö¼ºÀÇ ¹ÚÅ»À» ¾ß±âÇÑ´Ù¸é,
ƯÈ÷ »ç½Ç(true)ÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
"Á¦7¹ø° °è¸íÀº, À̱âÀûÀ̰ųª ȤÀº À̳äÀû, »ó¾÷ÀûÀ̰ųª ȤÀº
ÀüüÁÖÀÇÀûÀ̰ųª
°£¿¡, ¾î¶°ÇÑ ÀÌÀ¯¿¡¼µçÁö "Àΰ£µéÀÇ ³ë¿¹ ¸¸µé±â"¸¦, ±×µéÀÇ
ÀΰÝÀû Á¸¾ö¼º(personal
dignity)À» ¹«½ÃÇÏ¿©, ¸¶Ä¡ »óÇ°µéó·³ ±×µéÀÌ Æȸ®°í,
»ç°Ô µÇ°í ±×¸®°í
±³È¯µÊÀ»
ÃÊ·¡ÇÏ´Â ÇàÀ§(acts)µé ȤÀº »ç¾÷(enterprises)µéÀ» ±ÝÁöÇÑ´Ù. ±×µéÀ»
Æø·Â¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿©
ÀڽŵéÀÇ »ý»êÀû °¡Ä¡·Î ȤÀº ÀÌÀ±ÀÇ Ãâó·Î °ÝÇϽÃÅ°´Â °ÍÀº
ÀΰݵéÀÇ Á¸¾ö¼º(the
dignity of persons)°ú ±×µéÀÇ ±âº»±Ç(fundamental rights)µé¿¡ ¹ÝÇÏ´Â ÁË(a sin)ÀÌ´Ù.
¼º ¹Ù¿À·Î(St. Paul)´Â ±×¸®½ºµµÀÎ ÁÖÀο¡°Ô ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ±×¸®½ºµµÀÎ ³ë¿¹¸¦ '´õ
ÀÌ»ó Á¾ÀÌ
¾Æ´Ï¶ó Á¾ ÀÌ»óÀ¸·Î, °ð »ç¶ûÇÏ´Â ÇüÁ¦·Î ... Àΰ£ÀûÀ¸·Î º¸³ª ÁÖ´Ô
¾È¿¡¼ º¸³ª'
´ë¿ìÇÒ °ÍÀ» ¸í·ÉÇÏ¿´´Ù(ÇÊ·¹¸ó 16)" ["°¡Å縯
±³È¸ ±³¸®¼(CCC)", Á¦2414Ç×].
20:16. Giving false testimony in court can cause one's neighbor irreparable da-
mage because an innocent person may be found guilty. But, given that truth and
fidelity in human relationships is the basis of social life (cf. Vatican II, "Gaudium
Et Spes", 26), this commandment prohibits lying, defamation (cf. Sir 7:12-13),
calumny and the saying of anything that might detract from a neighbor's dignity
(cf. Jas 3:1-12). "This moral prescription flows from the vocation of the holy peo-
ple to bear witness to their God who is the truth and wills the truth. Offenses
against the truth express by word or deed a refusal to commit oneself to moral
uprightness: they are fundamental infidelities to God and, in this sense, they
undermine the foundations of the covenant" ("Catechism of the Catholic Church",
2464).
20,16. ¹ýÁ¤¿¡¼ °ÅÁþ
Áõ¾ðÀ» ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÀÌ¿ô¿¡°Ô ȸº¹ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â ¼Õ»óÀ»
¾ß±âÇÒ
¼ö Àִµ¥ ¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é ¾î¶² ¹«°íÇÑ ÀÚ°¡ À¯ÁË ÆÇ°áÀ» ¹ÞÀ» ¼ö
Àֱ⠶§¹®ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯³ª,
Àΰ£ °ü°èµé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Áø½Ç°ú Ãæ½ÇÀÌ »çȸÀû »îÀÇ ±Ùº»ÀÓÀ»
°í·ÁÇÒ ¶§¿¡ [Á¦2Â÷ ¹ÙƼÄ
°øÀÇȸ, Çö´ë ±³È¸ÀÇ ±³È¸¿¡ ´ëÇÑ »ç¸ñ ÇåÀå, "±â»Ý°ú
Èñ¸Á(Gaudium
Et Spes)", Á¦26Ç×À»
ÂüÁ¶Ç϶ó], ÀÌ °è¸í[Áï,
Á¦8¹ø° °è¸í]Àº °ÅÁþ¸»Çϱâ(lying),
¸í¿¹ ÈѼÕ(defamation)
(Áýȸ¼ 7,12-13À» ÂüÁ¶Ç϶ó), Áß»ó(calumny)°ú ÀÌ¿ôÀÇ Á¸¾ö¼ºÀ»
¶³¾î¶ß¸± ¼ö ÀÖ´Â
¾î¶² °ÍÀ» ¸»ÇÏ´Â °Íµµ(¾ß°íº¸ 3,1-2) ±ÝÁöÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
"ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ
À±¸®Àû ±ÔÁ¤µéÀº Áø¸®ÀÌ½Ã¸ç ±×¸®°í Áø¸®¸¦ ÀǵµÇϽôÂ(wills)
ÀڽŵéÀÇ
ÇÏ´À´ÔÀ» Áõ°ÅÇÏ°íÀÚ ÇÏ´Â °Å·èÇÑ ¹é¼ºÀÇ ¼Ò¸í(vocation)À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ
Èê·¯ ³ª¿Â´Ù.
Áø¸®µé¿¡ ¹ÝÇÏ´Â À§¹Ý(offenses)µéÀº ¸» ȤÀº ÇàÀ§·Î½á À±¸®Àû ¿Ã¹Ù¸§(moral
uprightness)¿¡ ¸öÀ» ¸Ã±â´Â µ¥¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¾î¶²
°ÅºÎ¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù: ±×µéÀº ÇÏ´À´Ô¿¡
´ëÇÑ ±Ùº»ÀûÀÎ ¹è½Å ÇàÀ§(infidelities)µéÀÌ¸ç ±×¸®°í, ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Àǹ̿¡ ÀÖ¾î, ±×µéÀº
ÀÌ °è¾àÀÇ ±âÃʵéÀ» ÇØÄ£´Ù" ["°¡Å縯
±³È¸ ±³¸®¼(CCC)", Á¦2464].
20:17. The wording of this precept is different from that in Deuteronomy: there the
distinction is made between coveting one's neighbor's wife and coveting his goods
(cf. Deut 5:21). "St John distinguishes three kinds of covetousness or concupi-
scence: lust of the flesh, lust of the eyes and pride of life (cf. 1 Jn 2:16). In the
Catholic catechetical tradition, the ninth commandment forbids carnal concupi-
scence; the tenth forbids coveting another's goods" ("Catechism of the Catholic
Church", 2514).
20,17. ÀÌ ±Ô¹ü¿¡ ´ëÇÑ
Ç¥ÇöÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ½Å¸í±â¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ¹Ù·Î ±×°Í°ú ´Ù¸¨´Ï´Ù:
°Å±â¿¡¼´Â ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÀÌ¿ôÀÇ ¾Æ³»¸¦ [½ÉÀå(heart) ¾È¿¡¼] Ž³»´Â(covets)
ÇàÀ§¿Í
±×ÀÇ ÀçȵéÀ» [½ÉÀå ¾È¿¡¼] Ž³»´Â
ÇàÀ§ »çÀÌ¿¡ ±¸ºÐÀÌ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁö°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù
(½Å¸í±â 5,21À» ÂüÁ¶Ç϶ó).
"¼º ¿äÇÑ(St. John)Àº [½ÉÀå(heart)
¾È¿¡¼] ŽÀ» ³¿(covetousness) ȤÀº
[ÁË(sin)ÀÎ] »ç¿åÆíÁ¤(concupiscence)[Áï,
¼¼»óÀÌ »ç¶û¹Þ°Ô µÇ´Â »ç¶û
(cupiditas)]ÀÇ ¼¼ °¡Áö
Á¾·ùµéÀ» ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ±¸ºÐÇÑ´Ù: À°ÀÇ ¿å¸Á(lust of
the flesh),
´«ÀÇ ¿å¸Á ±×¸®°í »îÀÇ ±³¸¸(pride of life)(*1) (1¿äÇÑ 2,16À»
ÂüÁ¶Ç϶ó).
°¡Å縯 ±³¸® ±³À°ÀÇ ÀüÅë¿¡ ÀÖ¾î, ½Ê°è¸íÀÇ Á¦9¹ø° °è¸íÀº À°¿åÀû
»ç¿åÆíÁ¤(carnal
concupiscence)À» ±ÝÁöÇϸç, ±×¸®°í ½Ê°è¸íÀÇ Á¦10¹ø°
°è¸íÀº
´Ù¸¥ ÀÌÀÇ ÀçȵéÀ» ½ÉÀå(heart) ¾È¿¡¼ Ž³»´Â °Í(coveting)À»
±ÝÁöÇÑ´Ù"(*2)
["°¡Å縯
±³È¸ ±³¸®¼(CCC)", Á¦2514Ç×].
-----
(*1) ¹ø¿ªÀÚ ÁÖ: "pride of
life"¸¦ "»ì¸²»ìÀÌ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÚ¸¸"À¸·Î ¹ø¿ªÇÏ´Â
°ÍÀÌ ¹ø¿ª
¿À·ùÀÓÀ» ÁöÀûÇÏ´Â ±ÛÀº ´ÙÀ½¿¡
ÀÖ´Ù:
http://ch.catholic.or.kr/pundang/4/soh/1908.htm <-----
Çʵ¶ ±Ç°í
(*2) ¹ø¿ªÀÚ ÁÖ:
½Ê°è¸íÀÇ ¿ °³ÀÇ Ç×µéÀÇ ±¸ºÐ¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿©¼´Â, ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ ÁÖ¼Ò¿¡
ÀÖ´Â
±ÛÀ» ²À Àеµ·Ï Ç϶ó:
http://ch.catholic.or.kr/pundang/4/soh/2031.htm <-----
Çʵ¶ ±Ç°í
-----
¡¡
2nd Reading: 1 Corinthians 1:22-25
The Wisdom of the Cross
-------------------------------------
[22] For Jews demand signs and Greeks seek wisdom, [23] but we preach
Christ crucified, a stumbling block to Jews and folly to Gentiles, [24] but to
those who are called, both Jews and Greeks, Christ the power of God and the
wisdom of God. [25] For the foolishness of God is wiser than men, and the
weakness of God is stronger than men.
*********************************************************************************************
Commentary:
20-25. After stressing the importance of the message of the Cross, St Paul now
contrasts the wisdom of God and the wisdom of the world.
By "wisdom of the world" he means the attitude of man when he is not pursuing
his proper goal: this term "world", which has various meanings in Sacred Scripture
(cf. note on Jn 17:14-16), in St Paul has the pejorative meaning of "all sinful men",
people estranged from God (cf. 1 Cor 1:27; 2:12; 3:19; 5:10; 11:32). This human
wisdom cannot attain knowledge of God (cf. Rom 1:19-25), either because it de-
mands external signs or because it accepts only rational arguments.
For the Jews only signs will do--miracles which prove God's presence (cf. Mt
12:38ff; Lk 11:29); they want to base their faith on things the senses can perceive.
For people with this attitude, the cross of Christ is a scandal, that is, a stumbling
block, which makes it impossible for them to gain access to divine things, because
they have in some way imposed limits as to how God may reveal himself and how
he may not.
The Greeks--St Paul is referring to the Rationalists of his time--think that they are
the arbiters of truth, and that anything which cannot be proved by logical argument
is nonsense. "For the world, that is, for the prudent of the world, their wisdom
turned into blindness; it could not lead them to see God [...]. Therefore, since the
world had become puffed up by the vanity of its dogmas, the Lord set in place the
faith whereby believers would be saved by what seemed unworthy and foolish, so
that, all human conjecture being of no avail, only the grace of God might reveal
what the human mind cannot take in" (St Leo the Great, "Fifth Nativity Sermon").
Christians, whom God has called out from among the Jews and the Gentiles, do
attain the wisdom of God, which consists in faith, "a supernatural virtue. By that
faith, with the inspiration and help of God's grace, we believe that what he has
revealed is true--not because its intrinsic truth is seen by the natural light of rea-
son, but because of the authority of God who reveals it, who can neither deceive
nor be deceived" (Vatican I, "Dei Filius", chap. 3). The same council goes on to
teach that faith is in conformity with reason (cf. Rom 12:1) and that, in addition
to God's help, external signs--miracles and prophecies--and rational argument
do act as supports of faith.
21. "In the wisdom of God ...": this has been interpreted in two ways, which com-
plement one another. Roughly, the first interpretation is this: according to God's
most wise designs, since the world could not attain knowledge of God by its own
efforts, through philosophy, through those elaborate systems of thought the
Greeks were so proud of, God decided to save believers through the preaching of
the Cross, which to human eyes seemed foolishness, a stumbling block (v. 22).
The second interpretation, favored by many Fathers and by St Thomas Aquinas,
contrasts divine wisdom--as manifested in creation and in the Old Testament--
with human wisdom. It runs on these lines: since the world, because of its distor-
ted view of things, failed to attain knowledge of God, despite the way he manifes-
ted himself in creation (cf. Rom 1:19-20) and Sacred Scripture, God has decided
to save man in a remarkable, paradoxical way which better reflects divine wisdom
--the preaching of the Cross.
In both interpretations it is clear that the Apostle is trying to squeeze into one
expression a number of truths--that God's salvific plans are eternal; that human
wisdom, which is capable, on its own, of discovering God through his works, has
become darkened; that the Cross is the climax of the all-wise plans of God; that
man cannot be truly wise unless he accepts "the wisdom of the cross", no matter
how paradoxical it may seem.
25. In his plan of salvation God our Lord wants to use things which to man's mind
seem foolish and weak, so that his wisdom and power will shine out all the more.
"All that Jesus Christ did for us has been meritorious for us; it has all been neces-
sary and advantageous to our salvation; his very weakness has been for us no
less useful than his majesty. For, if by the power of his divinity he has released
us from the captivity of sin, he has also, through the weakness of his flesh, des-
troyed death's rights. As the Apostle so beautifully said, 'the weakness of God is
stronger than men'; indeed, by this folly he has been pleased to save the world
by combating the wisdom of the world and confounding the wise; for, possessing
the nature of God and being equal to God, he abased himself, taking the form of
a servant; being rich, he became poor for love of us: being great, he became little;
being exalted, humble; he became weak, who was powerful; he suffered hunger
and thirst, he wore himself out on the roads and suffered of his own free will and
not by necessity. This type of folly, I repeat: has it not meant for us a way of wis-
dom, a model of justice and an example of holiness, as the same Apostle says:
'The foolishness of God is wiser than men'? So true is this, that death has freed
us from death, life has freed us from error, and grace from sin" (St Bernard, "De
Laudibus Novae Militiae", XI, 27).
¡¡
Gospel Reading: John 2:13-25
The Cleansing of the Temple
-----------------------------------------
[13] The Passover of the Jews was at hand, and Jesus went up to Jerusalem.
[14] In the temple he found those who were selling oxen and sheep and pigeons,
and the money-changers at their business. [15] And making a whip of cords, he
drove them all, with the sheep and oxen, out of the temple; and he poured out
the coins of the money-changers and overturned their tables. [16] And he told
those who sold the pigeons, "Take these things away; you shall not make my
Father's house a house of trade." [17] His disciples remembered that it was writ-
ten, "Zeal for thy house will consume me." [18] The Jews then said to him, "What
signs have you to show us for doing this?" [19] Jesus answered them, "Destroy
this temple, and in three days I will raise it up." [20] The Jews then said, "It has
taken forty-six years to build this temple, and will you raise it up in three days?"
21] But he spoke of the temple of his body. [22] When therefore he was raised
from the dead, his disciples remembered that he had said this; and they believed
the scripture and the word which Jesus had spoken.
[23] Now when he was in Jerusalem at the Passover feast, many believed in his
name when they saw the signs which he did; [24] but Jesus did not trust himself
to them, [25] because he knew all men and needed no one to bear witness of mail;
for he himself knew what was in man.
*********************************************************************************************
Commentary:
13. "The Passover of the Jews": this is the most important religious feast for the
people of the Old Testament, the prefiguring of the Christian Easter (cf. note on
Mt 26:2). The Jewish Passover was celebrated on the fourteenth day of the month
of Nisan and was followed by the festival week of the Azymes (unleavened bread).
According to the Law of Moses, on those days every male Israelite had to "appear
before the Lord God" (Ex 34:23; Deut 16:16)--hence the pious custom of making
a pilgrimage to the temple of Jerusalem for these days, hence the crowd and all
the vendors to supply the needs of the pilgrims; this trading gave rise to abuses.
"Jesus went up to Jerusalem": by doing this Jesus publicly shows that he ob-
serves the Law of God. But, as we shall soon see, he goes to the temple as the
only-begotten Son who must ensure that all due decorum is observed in the
House of the Father: "And from thenceforth Jesus, the Anointed of God, always
begins by reforming abuses and purifying from sin; both when he visits his
Church, and when he visits the Christian soul" (Origen, "Hom. on St John", 1).
14-15. Every Israelite had to offer as a passover sacrifice an ox or a sheep, if he
was wealthy; or two turtle-doves or two pigeons if he was not (Lev 5:7). In addi-
tion he had to pay a half shekel every year, if he was twenty or over. The half
shekel, which was the equivalent of a day's pay of a worker, was a special coin
also called temple money (cf. Ex 30:13); other coins in circulation (denarii, drach-
mas, etc.) were considered impure because they bore the image of pagan rulers.
During the Passover, because of the extra crowd, the outer courtyard of the tem-
ple, the court of the Gentiles, was full of traders, money changers etc., and
inevitably this meant noise, shouting, bellowing, manure etc. Prophets had al-
ready fulminated against these abuses, which grew up with the tacit permission
of the temple authorities, who made money by permitting trading. Cf. notes on
Mt 21:12-13 and Mk 11:15-18.
16-17. "Zeal for thy house will consume me"--a quotation from Psalm 69:10.
Jesus has just made a most significant assertion: "You shall not make my
Father's house a house of trade." By calling God his Father and acting so ener-
getically, he is proclaiming he is the Messiah, the Son of God. Jesus' zeal for
his Father's glory did not escape the attention of his disciples who realized that
what he did fulfilled the words of Psalm 69.
18-22. The temple of Jerusalem, which had replaced the previous sanctuary
which the Israelites carried around in the wilderness, was the place selected by
God during the Old Covenant to express his presence to the people in a special
way. But this was only an imperect anticipation or prefiguring of the full expres-
sion of his presence among men--the Word of God became man. Jesus, in whom
"the whole fullness of deity dwells bodily" (Col 2:9), is the full presence of God
here on earth and, therefore, the true temple of God. Jesus identifies the temple
of Jerusalem with his own body, and by so doing refers to one of the most pro-
found truths about himself--the Incarnation. After the ascension of the Lord into
heaven this real and very special presence of God among men is continued in
the sacrament of the Blessed Eucharist.
Christ's words and actions as he expels the traders from the temple clearly show
that he is the Messiah foretold by the prophets. That is why some Jews approach
him and ask him to give a sign of his power (cf. Mt 16:1; Mk 8:11; Lk 11:29).
Jesus' reply (v. 20), whose meaning remains obscure until his resurrection, the
Jewish authorities try to turn into an attack on the temple--which merits the death
penalty (Mt 26:61; Mk 14:58; cf. Jer 26:4ff); later they will taunt him with it when
he is suffering on the cross (Mt 27:40; A 15:29) and later still in their case against
St Stephen before the Sanhedrin they will claim to have heard him repeat it (Acts
6:14).
There was nothing derogatory in what Jesus said, contrary to what false witnes-
ses made out. The miracle he offers them, which he calls "the Sign of Jonah" (cf.
Mt 16:4), will be his own resurrection on the third day. Jesus is using a metaphor,
as if to say: Do you see this temple? Well, imagine if it were destroyed, would it
not be a great miracle to rebuild it in three days? That is what I will do for you as
a sign. For you will destroy my body, which is the true temple, and I will rise
again on the third day.
No one understood what he was saying. Jews and disciples alike thought he was
speaking about rebuilding the temple which Herod the Great had begun to con-
struct in 19-20 B.C. Later on the disciples grasped what he really meant.
23-25. Jesus' miracles moved many to recognize that he had extraordinary, di-
vine powers. But that falls short of perfect theological faith. Jesus knew their faith
was limited, and that they were not very deeply attached to him: they were inte-
rested in him as a miracle-worker. This explains why he did not trust them (cf.
Jn 6:15, 26) "Many people today are like that. They carry the name of faithful,
but they are ickle and inconstant", comments Chrysostom ("Hom. on St John",
23, 1).
Jesus' knowledge of men's hearts is another sign of his divinity; for example, Na-
thanael and the Samaritan woman recognized him as the Messiah because they
were convinced by the evidence of supernatural power he showed by reading their
hearts (cf. Jn 1:49; 4:29).
*********************************************************************************************
Source: "The Navarre Bible: Text and Commentaries". Biblical text from the
Revised Standard Version and New Vulgate. Commentaries by members of
the Faculty of Theology, University of Navarre, Spain.
Published by Four Courts Press, Kill Lane, Blackrock, Co. Dublin, Ireland, and
by Scepter Publishers in the United States. We encourage readers to purchase
The Navarre Bible for personal study. See Scepter Publishers for details.
[Âü°í: ÀÌ ÆÄÀÏÀº Àú¼¸í "°¡Å縯 ±³È¸ÀÇ ¸»¾¸ Àü·Ê¿¡ µû¸¥ ¼º°æ°øºÎ Çؼ³¼"(¿«ÀºÀÌ: ¼Ò¼øÅÂ,
ÃâÆÇ»ç: °¡Å縯ÃâÆÇ»ç)ÀÇ °¢ÁÖÀÇ ¿¬ÀåÀ¸·Î ¸¶·ÃµÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ±×¸®°í
º»¹® ÁßÀÇ ¿ì¸®¸» ¹ø¿ª¹®¿¡
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Çã¶ôÇÏÁö ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù.]