23rd Sunday in Ordinary Time, Cycle B (나해 연중 제23주일)


1st Reading: Isaiah 35:4-7a

Promise of Redemption
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[4] Say to those who are of a fearful heart, "Be strong, fear not! Behold, your
God will come with vengeance, with the recompense of God. He will come and
save you." [5] Then the eyes of the blind shall be opened, and the ears of the
deaf unstopped; [6] then shall the lame man leap like a hart, and the tongue of
the dumb sing for joy. For waters shall break forth in the wilderness, and
streams in the desert; [7a] the burning sand shall become a pool, and the thir-
sty ground springs of water.

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Commentary:

35:1-10 The focus now changes with this hymn celebrating Zion, the holy city.
It presents a picture of the restored Jerusalem in language reminiscent of that
of chapters 11 and 12. God who manifested his presence and protection during
the exodus, when Israel came up out of Egypt, will do so again in wonderful ways
as the redeemed flock back home to Zion. He will show them the route and give
them a highway and be with them in a sort of solemn procession to where he
dwells (v. 8). Just as in Babylon there was a "Holy Way" lined with statues of
lions and dragons that led to the temple of Marduk, the redeemed will have a tru-
ly "Holy Way" to take them to the house of the Lord in Jerusalem. The joy of the
returnees is compounded by the instant cure of the blind, deaf and lame (cf. 29:
18-19), which is an anticipation of what will happen in the messianic era.

The miracles worked by Jesus demonstrate that the moment of true redemption
foreseen indistinctly by the prophets has come to pass (cf. Mt 11:2-6). St Justin,
showing the Jew Tryphon that this prophecy found fulfillment in Christ, points out:
"Christ is the stream of living water that flows from God; he sprang up in the de-
sert wastes of igno- rance of God; that is, in the parched earth of all the nations.
He, who was born among your people, cured those who were blind from birth,
and the deaf and the lame: by his word alone, they leapt and heard and saw once
more. He raised the dead and gave them new life, and by all his good works
prompted men to see Him for who he is. [...] He did all these things to convince
those who were to believe in him, whatever bodily defects they might have, that
if they obeyed the teachings that he gave them, he would raise them up again at
his Second Coming and make them whole and perfect and immortal as He is"
("Dialogus Cum Tryphone", 69,6).

The Church uses this passage from Isaiah in the Advent liturgy (3rd Sunday,
Cycle A) to encourage the faithful in joyous hope that God will come and bring
salvation.

2nd Reading: James 2:1-5

Respect for the Poor
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[1] My brethren, show no partiality as you hold the faith of our Lord Jesus Christ,
the Lord of glory. [2] For if a man with gold rings and in fine clothing comes into
your assembly, and a poor man in shabby clothing also comes in, [3] and you
pay attention to the one who wears the fine clothing and say, "Have a seat here,
please," while you say to the poor man, "Stand there," or, "Sit at my feet," [4]
have you not made distinctions among yourselves, and become judges with evil
thoughts? [5] Listen, my beloved brethren. Has not God chosen those who are
poor in the world to be rich in faith and heirs of the Kingdom which He has pro-
mised to those who love Him?  

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Commentary:

[번역자 주: 오늘의 제2독서는, 여기를 클릭하면 읽을 수 있는, 짝수 해  연중 제6주간 
목요일 제1독서(James 2:1-9)에 포함된다].

1-13. Apparently some of the Christians to whom this letter was addressed were
guilty of discriminating against people on the grounds of social standing--a clear
instance of inconsistency between faith and actions, a key theme which James
has already touched on (cf. 1:19-27) and will develop later (cf. 2:14-26). He may
well be taking an example from something that actually happened (verses 1-4)
to make the very vigorous point that discrimination is opposed to the Gospel
(verses 5-7) as indeed to the Law (verses 8-11); and he makes it plain that this
type of behavior will be severely punished by God when He comes to judge
(verses 12-13).

1-4. God "is not partial and takes no bribe" (Deuteronomy 10:17). Discrimination
among people is often condemned in the Old Testament--in the Law as well as
in the Prophets and the Wisdom books (cf., e.g. Leviticus 19:15; Isaiah 5:23; Mi-
cah 3:9-11; Psalm 82:2-4). In the Gospel even our Lord's enemies admit that He
is impartial and does not make unfair distinctions (cf. Matthew 22:16).

In line with this teaching, the Church takes issue with every form of discrimina-
tion. "All men are endowed with a rational soul and are created in God's image;
they have the same nature and origin and, being redeemed by Christ, they enjoy
the same divine calling and destiny; there is here a basic equality between men
and it must be given ever greater recognition. Undoubtedly not all men are alike
as regards physical capacity and intellectual and moral powers. But forms of so-
cial or cultural discrimination in basic personal rights on the grounds of sex, race,
color, social conditions, language or religion, must be curbed and eradicated as
incompatible with God's design" ("Gaudium Et Spes", 29).

1. "The faith of our Lord Jesus Christ, the Lord of glory": literally "the faith of our
Lord Jesus Christ of glory." This phrase can be interpreted in slightly different
ways depending on how one understands "of glory". The most likely interpreta-
tion is that this is an instance of a Semitic genitive used in place of the adjective
"glorious" or "glorified"; in which case St. James is referring to Jesus Christ who,
after His ascension and resurrection, enjoys, also in His capacity as man, the
highest honor and glory.

The RSV takes up the idea found in 1 Corinthians 2:8 where St. Paul calls Christ
"the Lord of glory": since in the Old Testament "glory" was the splendor of the
majesty of Yahweh (cf. Exodus 24:16), by applying this divine attribute to Christ
His divinity is being explicitly asserted. If this is the correct translation, it may be
a form of words taken from early Christian liturgy.

Some translate it in another way which puts even greater stress on Christ's divi-
nity: "The faith of the glory (that is, the divinity) of our Lord Jesus Christ."

All these translations are compatible with one another and complementary to
one another.

5-7. Many of the people to whom the letter was written must have been quite
poor (cf. note on 1:2-4; 1 Corinthians 1:26-29). St. James reminds them that
God wants to make them rich in faith and heirs of the Kingdom of Heaven. Je-
sus in fact had given as a sign of His messiahship the fact that the Gospel is
proclaimed to the poor (cf. Matthew 11:5; Luke 7:22) and He also taught that
"Blessed are the poor in spirit, for theirs is the Kingdom of Heaven" (Matthew 5:
3). "Christ was sent by the Father 'to preach good news to the poor...to heal the
contrite of heart' (Luke 4:18), 'to seek and to save the lost' (Luke 19:10). Similar-
ly, the Church encompasses with her love all those who are afflicted by human
misery and she recognizes in those who are poor and who suffer, the image of
her poor and suffering Founder. She does all in her power to relieve their need
and in them she strives to serve Christ" (Vatican II, "Lumen Gentium", 8).

Of the rich on the other hand, the Apostle speaks with unusual harshness. As
elsewhere in Sacred Scripture, those who deserve such severe condemnation are
people who are bent on building up their possession as if ownership were the on-
ly purpose in life, not minding what means they used, and oppressing and ill-trea-
ting the poor (cf. note on Luke 6:24).

Behavior of this type is so serious that it amounts to "blaspheming that hono-
rable name by which you are called" (verse 7)--blasphemy by scandalous action
rather than by words. This "name" can mean both the name "Jesus" -- called
down on them at Baptism--and that of "Christian", a name already being given to
those first followers of the Master (cf. Acts 11:26).

What St. James says here can in no sense be used to justify the "class struggle"
which some materialistic doctrines propose. The Magisterium of the Church has
often pointed out that the application of Christian principles should make for har-
mony and concord between the various groups in society (cf. Leo XIII, "Rerum
Novarum", 14). James' words certainly do urge everyone to make a real effort to
promote the human dignity of all: "The evil inequities and oppression of every kind
which afflict millions of men and women today openly contradict Christ's Gospel
and cannot leave the conscience of any Christian indifferent" (SCDF, "Libertatis
Conscientia", 57).

Gospel Reading: Mark 7:31-37

The Curing of a Deaf Man
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[31] Then [Jesus] returned from the region of Tyre, and went through Sidon to
the Sea of Galilee, through the region of the Decapolis. [32] And they brought
Him a man who was deaf and had an impediment in his speech; and they be-
sought Him to lay His hand upon him. [33] And taking him aside from the mul-
titude privately, He put His fingers into his ears, and He spat and touched his
tongue; [34] and looking up to Heaven, He sighed and said to him, "Ephphatha,"
that is, "Be opened." [35] And his ears were opened, his tongue was released,
and he spoke plainly. [36] And He charged them to tell no one; but the more
He charged them, the more zealously they proclaimed it. [37] And they were
astonished beyond measure, saying, "He has done all things well; He even
makes the deaf hear and the dumb speak."

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Commentary:

32-33. Sacred Scripture quite often shows the laying on of hands as a gesture
indicating the transfer of power or blessing (cf. Genesis 48:14ff; 2 Kings 5:11;
Luke 13:13). Everyone knows that saliva can help heal minor cuts. In the lan-
guage of Revelation fingers symbolized powerful Divine action (cf. Exodus 8:19;
Psalm 8:4; Luke 11:20). So Jesus uses signs which suit in some way the effect
He wants to achieve, though we can see from the text that the effect--the instan-
taneous cure of the deaf and dumb man--far exceeds the sign used.

In the miracle of the deaf and dumb man we can see a symbol of the way God
acts on souls: for us to believe, God must first open our heart so we can listen
to His word. Then, like the Apostles, we too can proclaim the "magnalia Dei",
the mighty works of God (cf. Acts 2:11). In the Church's liturgy (cf. the hymn
"Veni Creator") the Holy Spirit is compared to the finger of the right hand of God
the Father ("Digitus paternae dexterae"). The Consoler produces in our souls,
in the supernatural order, effects comparable to those which Christ produces
in the body of the deaf and dumb man.

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Source: "The Navarre Bible: Text and Commentaries". Biblical text from the
Revised Standard Version and New Vulgate. Commentaries by members of
the Faculty of Theology, University of Navarre, Spain.

Published by Four Courts Press, Kill Lane, Blackrock, Co. Dublin, Ireland, and
by Scepter Publishers in the United States. We encourage readers to purchase
The Navarre Bible for personal study. See Scepter Publishers for details.


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