Transfiguration of Our Lord (August 6) - Cycle B
1st Reading: Daniel 7:9-10, 13-14
Daniel's Vision (Continuation)
------------------------------------------
[9] As I looked, thrones were placed and one that was ancient of days took his
seat; his raiment was white as snow, and the hair of his head like pure wool; his
throne was fiery flames, its wheels were burning fire. [10] A stream of fire issued
and came forth from before him; a thousand thousands served him, and ten thou-
sand times ten thousand stood before him; the court sat in judgment, and the
books were opened.
[13] I saw in the night visions, and behold, with the clouds of heaven there came
one like a son of man, and he came to the Ancient of Days and was presented
before him. [14] And to him was given dominion and glory and kingdom, that all
peoples, nations, and languages should serve him; his dominion is an everlasting
dominion, which shall not pass away, and his kingdom one that shall not be des-
troyed.
*********************************************************************************************
Commentary:
7:9-14. Divine judgment is passed on the kingdoms in this scene. God is depicted
as being seated on a throne in heaven, his glory flashing out and angels all around.
Judgment is about to take place, and it will be followed by execution of the sen-
tence. The books (v. 10) contain all the actions of men (cf. Jer 17:1; Mal 3:16; Ps
56:8; Rev 20:12). The seer is shown history past (not laid out according to chrono-
logy: all the empires are included in one glance), and he notes that a more severe
sentence is passed on the blasphemous horn than on the other beasts. They had
their lives extended (v. 12), that is, their deprivation of power did not spell the end;
but the little horn is destroyed forthwith. "Following in the steps of the prophets and
John the Baptist, Jesus announced the judgment of the Last Day in his preaching
(cf. Dan 7:10; Joel 3-4; Mal 3:19; Mt 3:7-42)" ("Catechism of the Catholic Church",
678).
The one "like a son of man" who comes with the clouds of heaven and who, after
the judgment, is given everlasting dominion over all the earth, is the very antithe-
sis of the beasts. He has not risen from a turbulent sea like them; there is nothing
ferocious about him. Rather, he has been raised up by God (he comes with the
clouds of heaven) and he shares the human condition. The dignity of all mankind
is restored through this son of man's triumph over the beasts. This figure, as we
will discover later, stands for 'the people of the saints of the Most High' (7:27), that
is, faithful Israel. However, he is also an individual (just as the winged lion was an
individual, and the little horn), and insofar as he is given a kingdom, he is a king.
What we have here is an individual who represents the people. In Jewish circles
around the time of Christ, this "son of man" was interpreted as being the Messiah,
a real person (cf. "Book of the Parables of Enoch"); but it was a title that became
linked to the sufferings of the Messiah and to his resurrection from the dead only
when Jesus Christ applied it to himself in the Gospel. "Jesus accepted Peter's
profession of faith, which acknowledged him to be the Messiah, by announcing
the imminent Passion of the Son of Man (cf. Mt 16:23). He unveiled the authentic
content of his messianic kingship both in the transcendent identity of the Son of
Man 'who came down from heaven' (Jn 3:13; cf. Jn 6:62; Dan 7:13), and in his
redemptive mission as the suffering Servant: 'The Son of Man came not to be
served but to serve, and to give his life as a ransom for many' (Mt 20:28; cf. Is
53:10-12)" ("Catechism of the Catholic Church", 440).
When the Church proclaims in the Creed that Christ is seated at the right hand
of the Father, she is saying that it was to Christ that dominion was given; "Being
seated at the Father's right hand signifies the inauguration of the Messiah's king-
dom, the fulfillment of the prophet Daniel's vision concerning the Son of man; 'To
him was given domination and glory and kingdom, that all peoples, nations, and
languages should serve him; his dominion is an everlasting dominion, which shall
not pass away, and his kingdom one that shall not be destroyed' (Dan 7:14). After
this event the apostles became witnesses of the 'kingdom [that] will have no end'
(Nicene Creed)" ("Catechism of the Catholic Church", 664).
2nd Reading: 2 Peter 1:16-19
The Transfiguration, an Earnest of the Second Coming
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[16] For we did not follow cleverly devised myths when we made known to you
the power and coming of our Lord Jesus Christ, but we were eyewitnesses of
His majesty. [17] For when He received honor and glory from God the Father
and the voice was borne to Him by the Majestic Glory, "This is My beloved Son,
with whom I am well pleased," [18] we heard this voice borne from heaven, for
we were with Him on the holy mountain.
Prophecy and the Second Coming
--------------------------------------------------
[19] And we have the prophetic word made more sure. You will do well to pay
attention to this as to a lamp shining in a dark place, until the day dawns and
the morning star rises in your hearts.
*********************************************************************************************
Commentary:
16-18. The transfiguration of Jesus Christ, at which the voice of God the Father
was heard (verses 16-18), and the testimony of the Old Testament prophets
(verses 19-21) are a guarantee of the doctrine of Christ's second coming.
"The power and coming of our Lord Jesus Christ": this phrase sums up the pur-
pose of apostolic preaching: "power" indicates that Jesus Christ is God and is
almighty like the Father; the "coming (literally "Parousia") means the same as
His manifestation in glory at the end of time. This is not a matter of "myth"; it
will be as real as His sojourn on this earth, of which the Apostles are "eyewit-
nesses". When speaking of the Transfiguration, the sacred writer refers to the
"majesty" of Jesus Christ (an attribute which He always possesses, because
He is God) and the "voice" of the Father confirming Christ's divine nature (cf.
Matthew 17:5). The simple line of argument is that if Jesus Christ allowed His
divinity to be glimpsed just for a moment, He will also be able to manifest it in
its fullness and forever at the end of time.
"On the holy mountain": this wording indicates that he is referring to the transfi-
guration and not to the baptism of our Lord (Matthew 3:16-17). The mountain is
described as "holy" because a theophany occurred there; similarly, in the Old
Testament Zion is called a "holy mountain" because God revealed Himself there
(cf. Psalm 2:6; Isaiah 11:9).
19-21. "The prophetic word" finds its complete fulfillment in Jesus Christ (cf.
Hebrews 1:1). This does not refer to a particular prophecy; at that time "the pro-
phetic word" meant the messianic prophecies or (more usually) all the Old Tes-
tament insofar as it proclaims the enduring salvation to come.
These verses encapsulate the whole notion of biblical prophecy--its value, inter-
pretation and divine origin. They also show the close connection between the
Old and the New Testaments. "The books of the Old Testament, all of them
caught up into the Gospel message, attain and show forth their full meaning in
the New Testament (cf. Matthew 5:17; Luke 24:27; Romans 16:25-26; 2 Corin-
thians 3: 14-16) and, in their turn, shed light on it and explain it" (Vatican II,
"Dei Verbum", 16).
By reaching their fulfillment in Jesus Christ, the Old Testament prophecies con-
firm the truthfulness of what Jesus said and did. Together with the Transfiguration
they constitute a guarantee of the second coming of the Lord.
The comparison of prophecy to the morning star is a very good one, for that star
is designed to bring light and announce the coming of day. Similarly, the fullness
of Revelation which begins with the earthly life of Christ will reach its climax when
He comes in glory.
Gospel Reading: Mark 9:2-10
The Transfiguration
----------------------------
[2] And after six days Jesus took with Him Peter and James and John, and led
them up a high mountain apart by themselves; and He was transfigured before
them, [3] and His garments became glistening, intensely white, as no fuller on
earth bleach them. [4] And there appeared to them Elijah with Moses; and they
were talking to Jesus. [5] And Peter said to Jesus, "Master, it is well that we are
here; let us make three booths, one for You and one for Moses and one for Eli-
jah." [6] For he did not know what to say, for they were exceedingly afraid. [7]
And a cloud overshadowed them, and a voice came out of the cloud, "This is My
beloved Son; listen to Him." [8] And suddenly looking around they no longer saw
any one with them but Jesus only.
[9] And as they were coming down the mountain, He charged them to tell no one
what they had seen, until the Son of Man should have risen from the dead. [10]
So they kept the matter to themselves, questioning what the rising from the dead
meant.
*********************************************************************************************
Commentary:
2-10. We contemplate in awe this manifestation of the glory of the Son of God
to three of His disciples. Ever since the Incarnation, the divinity of our Lord has
usually been hidden behind His humanity. But Christ wishes to show, to these
favorite disciples, who will later be pillars of the Church, the splendor of His di-
vine glory, in order to encourage them to follow the difficult way that lies ahead,
fixing their gaze on the happy goal which is awaiting them at the end. This is
why, as St. Thomas comments (cf. "Summa Theologia", III, q. 45, a. 1), it was
appropriate for Him to give them an insight into His glory. The fact that the
Transfiguration comes immediately after the first announcement of His passion,
and His prophetic words about how His followers would also have to carry His
cross, shows us that "through many tribulations we must enter the kingdom of
God" (Acts 14:22).
What happened at the Transfiguration? To understand this miraculous event in
Christ's life, we must remember that in order to redeem us by His passion and
death our Lord freely renounced divine glory and became man, assuming flesh
which was capable of suffering and which was not glorious, becoming like us
in every way except sin (cf. Hebrew 4:15). In the Transfiguration, Jesus Christ
willed that the glory which was His as God and which His soul had from the mo-
ment of the Incarnation, should miraculously become present in His body. "We
should learn from Jesus' attitude in these trials. During His life on earth He did
not even want the glory that belong to Him. Though He had the right to be trea-
ted as God, He took the form of a servant, a slave (cf. Philippians 2:6)" (St. J.
Escrivá, "Christ Is Passing By", 62). Bearing in mind WHO became man (the
divinity of the person and the glory of His soul), it was appropriate for His body
to be glorious; given the PURPOSE of His Incarnation, it was not appropriate,
usually, for His glory to be evident. Christ shows His glory in the Transfiguration
in order to move us to desire the divine glory which will be given us so that, ha-
ving this hope, we too can understand "that the sufferings of this present time
are not worth comparing with the glory that is to be revealed to us" (Romans
8:18).
2. According to Deuteronomy (19:15), to bear witness to anything the evidence
of two or three much concur. Perhaps this is why Jesus wanted three Apostles
to be present. It should be pointed out that these three Apostles were specially
loved by Him; they were with Him also at the raising of the daughter of Jairus
(Mark 5:37) and will also be closest to Him during His agony at Gethsemane
(Mark 14:33). Cf. note on Matthew 17:1-13.
7. This is how St. Thomas Aquinas explains the meaning of the Transfiguration:
"Just as in Baptism, where the mystery of the first regeneration was proclaimed,
the operation of the whole Trinity was made manifest, because the Son Incar-
nate was there, the Holy Spirit appeared under the form of a dove, and the Father
made Himself known in the voice; so also in the Transfiguration, which is the
sign of the second regeneration [the Resurrection], the whole Trinity appears --
the Father in the voice, the Son in the man, the Holy Spirit in the bright cloud;
for just as in Baptism He confers innocence, as signified by the simplicity of the
dove, so in the Resurrection will He give His elect the clarity of glory and the re-
freshment from every form of evil, as signified by the bright cloud" ("Summa Theo-
logiae", III, q. 45, 1.4 ad 2). For, really, the Transfiguration was in some way an
anticipation not only of Christ's glorification but also of ours. As St. Paul says,
"it is the same Spirit Himself bearing witness with our spirit that we are children
of God, and if children, then heirs, heirs of God and fellow heirs with Christ, pro-
vided we suffer with Him in order that we may also be glorified with Him" (Ro-
mans 8:16-17).
10. That the dead would rise was already revealed in the Old Testament (cf. Da-
niel 12:2-3; 2 Maccabees 7:9; 12:43) and was believed by pious Jews (cf. John
11:23-25). However, they were unable to understand the profound truth of the
death and Resurrection of the Lord: they expected a glorious and triumphant
Messiah, despite the prophecy that He would suffer and die (cf. Isaiah 53).
Hence the Apostles' oblique approach; they too do not dare to directly question
our Lord about His Resurrection.
*********************************************************************************************
Source: "The Navarre Bible: Text and Commentaries". Biblical text from the
Revised Standard Version and New Vulgate. Commentaries by members of
the Faculty of Theology, University of Navarre, Spain.
Published by Four Courts Press, Kill Lane, Blackrock, Co. Dublin, Ireland, and
by Scepter Publishers in the United States. We encourage readers to purchase
The Navarre Bible for personal study. See Scepter Publishers for details.
[참고: 이 파일은 저서명 "가톨릭 교회의 말씀 전례에 따른 성경공부 해설서"(엮은이: 소순태, 출판사: 가톨릭출판사)의 각주의 연장으로 마련되었습니다].