Feast of Holy Family, Cycle C


1st Reading: Sirach 3:2-6, 12-14

Duties Towards Parents
-----------------------------------
[2] For the Lord honored the father above the children, and he confirmed the
right of the mother over her sons. [3] Whoever honors his father atones for sins, 
4] and whoever glorifies his mother is like one who lays up treasure. [5] Who-
ever honors his father will he gladdened by his own children, and when he prays
he will he heard. [6] Whoever glorifies his father will have long life, and whoever
obeys the Lord will refresh his mother; 

[12] 0 son, help your father in his old age, and do not grieve him as long as he
lives; [13] even if he is lacking in understanding, show forbearance; in all your
strength do not despise him. [14] For kindness to a father will not be forgotten,
and against your sins it will be credited to you.

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Commentary:

3:1-16:23. Throughout the book each doctrinal passage is followed by a section
to do with practical applications, sapiential thoughts on moral conduct, eulogies
of virtues and sapiential advice on where to seek things that are truly good, etc.
This is the first such section. In it the reader will find an exhortation to prudence
in all its various forms.

3:1-16. Traditional wisdom encourages people to be observant and to reflect on
life in order to discover the best route to happiness. Here it focuses on the
relationship between children and their parents: honoring one's parents brings
blessings.

However, Ben Sirach's viewpoint is primarily a religious one. "Whoever fears the
Lord will honor his father" (v. 7, RSV note m). The Decalogue laid this down very
clearly: "Honor your father and your mother, as the Lord your God commanded
you; that your day may be prolonged, and that it may go well with you, in the
land ..." (Deut 5:16; cf. Ex 20:12), and these verses are a valuable commentary
that is generous in its praise of those who attend to that commandment. Very
appropriately, the Church uses these verses as the first reading on the feast of
the Holy Family, for God honors Mary and St Joseph by entrusting Jesus to
their care.

Finally (cf. vv. 12-26), the passage dwells on children's duties to their parents
when they can no longer look after themselves: The fourth commandment re-
minds grown children of their "responsibilities toward their parents". As much
as they can, they must give them material and moral support in old age and in
times of illness, loneliness or distress. Jesus recalls this duty of gratitude (cf.
Mk 7:10-12)" ("Catechism of the Catholic Church", 2218).

Alternate 1st Reading: 1 Samuel 1:20-22, 24-28

Birth of Samuel (conclusion)
-----------------------------------------
[20] [A]nd in due time Hannah conceived and bore a son, and she called his
name Samuel, for she said, "I have asked him of the LORD."

Consecration of Samuel
-----------------------------------
[21] And the man Elkanah and all his house went up to offer to the LORD the
yearly sacrifice, and to pay his vow. [22] But Hannah did not go up, for she said
to her husband, "As soon as the child is weaned, I will bring him, that he may
appear in the presence of the LORD, and abide there for ever."

[24] And when she had weaned him, she took him up with her, along with a
three-year-old bull, an ephah of flour, and a skin of wine; and she brought him to
the house of the LORD at Shiloh; and the child was young. [25] Then they slew
the bull, and they brought the child to Eli. [26] And she said, "Oh, my lord! As
you live, my lord, I am the woman who was standing here in your presence, pra-
ying to the LORD. [27] For this child I prayed; and the LORD has granted me my
petition which I made to him. [28] Therefore I have lent him to the LORD; as long
as he lives, he is lent to the LORD."

And they worshipped the LORD there. 

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Commentary:

1:1-7:17. The books of Samuel begin with an account of the birth of the man from
whom they take their name, that is, Samuel, who will become a judge of Israel
and a prophet. The beginning is like the book of Exodus, which also begins with
a birth -- that of Moses. In fact, many of Moses' features apply to Samuel: just
as Moses inaugurated a new and very important stage in the history of the peo-
ple, so Samuel marks the start of the monarchical period, which will forever leave
its imprint on the religious profile of Israel.

The story of Samuel comprises only the first part of 1 Samuel, the first seven
chapters, which also contain the history of the ark. The narrative includes three
distinct accounts arranged in such a way that the first and last have the same
protagonist -- the birth, calling and activity of Samuel as a prophet (chaps. 1-3),
the history of the ark (chaps. 4-6), and then Samuel's activity as a judge (chap.
7). Although these narratives may have been independent originally, in the final
biblical text they form a perfect unity in doctrinal terms, from the point of view of
the setting of events (the shrine at Shiloh), and in the identity of their protago-
nists, Samuel and the priests, the sons of Eli. The shrine at Shiloh, which was
located between Bethel and Shechem and which was a main centre of worship
in the era of the judges (Judg 21:19-21), acquires special importance at this
point: Shiloh will be where the monarchical power begins, and its splendour will
transfer to the temple of Jerusalem when the ark moves there.

The sons of Eli were the last priests of Shiloh. Whereas Samuel was perfectly
faithful to the will of God, the Sons of Eli had gradually corrupted the practices
of their priestly function; with their death, the temple at Shiloh ceases to have
any importance.

The doctrinal thread moving through the three episodes is God's active interven-
tion in all these important events in the life of the people: to him is due the prodi-
gy of Samuel's birth (1:1-20) -- Samuel, the man chosen to open the way to the
monarchy; it is God who exposes the sin of the sons of Eli (chap. 2) and initiates
the charming dialogue in which Samuel receives his calling (chap. 3). In the epi-
sode of the ark, it is the Lord who punishes his people by taking away the ark,
the sign of his presence (chap. 4); it is he who visits countless misfortunes on
the Philistines who have taken possession of the ark (chap. 5) and it is he who
forces them to return it to Israel, which receives it with delight (chap. 6). Finally,
the Lord makes Samuel a judge over his people (chap. 5), able to exercise his
function at all the shrines of Israel -- in Bethel, Gilgal and Mizpah (7:15).

From the very start, the book of Samuel is a sort of religious interpretation of his-
tory, in the sense that it puts more emphasis on the meaning of the events it nar-
rates than on their chronological order or their geographical situation. Samuel is
a figure of Christ who will initiate the final stage of salvation through his complete
obedience to the will of God (cf. Phil 2:8). 

1:1-28. Samuel's birth is described with all the elements denoting a miraculous
event, emphasizing divine intervention and the child's importance. With no hope
of a human solution, a childless woman, humiliated by her husband's (other) fer-
tile wife, seeks a way out of her anguish by asking God, her only hope, to give
her a son. Her husband loves her, but he cannot understand her (v. 8); Eli, the
priest and head of the shrine at Shiloh, comes to bless her but even he cannot
understand her (vv. 15-17). God is the only one who listens to her, and he ac-
cepts the vow she has made to him (v. 11). Hannah follows in the line of Sarah,
Rachel and the mother of Samson -- other women in whom the action of God
could be seen very clearly when he took away the stigma of their barrenness.
But, above all, she is the prototype of the devout woman who perseveres in pra-
yer, convinced that it will be heard. "Why is it necessary to list here all those
who, by praying as they ought to do, won from God the greatest gifts? For it
would be easy for anyone to take an abundant sample of cases based in holy
Scripture. Hannah gave birth to Samuel, who was to be compared with Moses
himself (cf. Jer 15:1), because although she was sterile, she had faith and
prayed to the Lord (1 Sam 1:9ff). [...]

How many favours each of us could tell of if we recalled with gratitude the gifts
we have received in order to praise God for them! Once they have been watered
by the grace of the Holy Spirit through constant prayer, souls that have gone for
a long time without bearing fruit, sterile in the most noble part of their being and
with the signs of death on their souls, think wholesome thoughts and are filled
with the knowledge of the truth” (Origen, "De Oratione", 13, 2-3). Hannah, who
will bear Samuel in her womb, is a figure of Mary and also "a symbol of the
Church which carries the Lord. Her prayer is not clamorous, rather it is calm
and refined; she prays in the depths of her heart because she knows that God
listens to her there” (St Cyprian, "De Oratione Dominica", 5).

Samuel comes into the world as a gift from God; he is the one who was "asked
for of the Lord” (cf. v. 20), according to a popular etymology of his name. His
mission on earth will be as exceptional as his birth; Hannah presents him at the
shrine: "as long as he lives he is lent to the Lord” (v. 28). Samuel is brought up
by the priest at the shrine of Shiloh (cf. Judg 18:31; 21:19), that is, within the
ancient institutions of the time of the judges; thus, the new institutions he will
establish do not imply any break with or rejection of what went before.

2nd Reading: Colossians 3:12-21

Progress in the Spiritual Life
-----------------------------------------
[12] Put on then, as God's chosen ones, holy and beloved, compassion, kindness,
lowliness, meekness, and patience, [13] forbearing one another and, if one has a
complaint against another, forgiving each other; as the Lord has forgiven you, so
you also must forgive. [14] And above all these put on love, which binds everything
together in perfect harmony. [15] And let the peace of Christ rule in your hearts, to
which indeed you were called in the one body. And be thankful. [16] Let the word
of Christ dwell in you richly, as you teach and admonish one another in all wisdom,
and as you sing psalms and hymns and spiritual songs with thankfulness in your
hearts to God. [17] And whatever you do, in word or deed, do everything in the
name of the Lord Jesus, giving thanks to God the Father through him.

Morals in Family Life
------------------------------
[18] Wives, be subject to your husband as is fitting in the Lord. [19] Husbands,
love your wives, and do not be harsh with them. [20] Children, obey your parents
in everything, for this pleases the Lord. [21] Fathers, do not provoke your children,
lest they become discouraged.

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Commentary:

12-13. Putting on the new nature is not just an external action, like putting on
different clothes. It is a transfiguration involving the whole person--soul and body,
mind and will. This interior change begins to operate when one makes a firm re-
solution to lead a fully Christian life; but it calls for an on-going effort, day in day
out, to practice all the virtues. "Conversion is something momentary; sanctifica-
tion is the work of a lifetime. The divine seed of charity, which God has sown in
our souls, wants to grow, to express itself in action, to yield results which con-
tinually coincide with what God wants. Therefore, we must be ready to begin
again, to find again--in new situations--the light and the stimulus of our first con-
version" (St. J. Escriva, "Christ Is Passing By", 58).

The virtues which the Apostle lists here as characteristic of the new man are all
expressions, in one way or another, of charity, which "binds everything together
in total harmony" (v. 14). Meekness, patience, forgiveness and gratefulness all
reflect an essential virtue --humility. Only a humble person can be forgiving and
truly appreciative, because only he realizes that everything he has comes from
God. This realization leads him to be understanding towards his neighbor, forgi-
ving him as often as needs be; by acting in this way he is proving the genuine-
ness of his faith and love.

See the note on Eph 4:20-24.

14. The comparison of the new nature to a new outfit is extended here by a furt-
her metaphor: charity is the belt which keeps everything together. Without it the
other virtues would fall apart: supernatural virtue could not survive (cf. 1 Cor 13:1-
3). St Francis de Sales uses simple examples to explain this truth: "Without ce-
ment and mortar, which knits the bricks together and strengthens the walls, the
entire building is bound to collapse; a human body would simply disintegrate un-
less it had nerves, muscles and tendons; and if charity were absent, virtues sim-
ply could not stay together" (St Francis de Sales, "Treatise on the Love of God",
11, 9).

"Love, as the bond of perfection and fullness of the law (cf. Col 3:14; Rom 13:10),
governs, imbues, and perfects all the means of sanctification" (Vatican II, "Lumen
Gentium", 42). Therefore, "if we want to achieve holiness--in spite of personal
shortcomings and miseries which will last as long as we live--we must make an
effort, with God's grace, to practice charity, which is the fullness of the law and
the bond of perfection. Charity is not something abstract, it entails a real, com-
plete, self-giving to the service of God and all men --to the service of that God
who speaks to us in the silence of prayer and in the hubbub of the world and of
those people whose existence is interwoven with our own. By living charity --
Love -- we live all the human and supernatural virtues required of a Christian" (St.
J. Escriva, "Conversations", 62).

15. The "peace of Christ" is that which flows from the new order of grace which
he has established; grace gives man direct access to God and therefore to that
peace he so much yearns for. "Thou has made us for thyself and our hearts are
restless till they rest in thee" (St Augustine, "Confessions", 1, 1). This is not a
peace the world can give (cf. Jn 14:27), because it is not a function of purely
material progress or well-being, nor does it derive from the sort of peace that
should obtain among nations. "Peace on earth, which men of every era have
most eagerly yearned for, can be firmly established only if the order laid down
by God is dutifully observed" (John XXIII, "Pacem In Terris", 1).

The peace of Christ, then, is "a peace that comes from knowing that our Father
God loves us, and that we are made one with Christ. It results from being under
the protection of the Virgin, our Lady, and assisted by St Joseph. This is the
great light that illuminates our lives. In the midst of difficulties and of our personal
failings, it encourages us to keep up our effort" (St. J. Escriva, "Christ Is Passing
By", 22).

16. "The word of Christ": the whole corpus of our Lord's teachings, of which the
Apostles are accredited witnesses. This should be ever-present to the Christian's
soul and "dwell...richly" in him, imbuing everything he does: the word of Christ is
the best nourishment of one's life of prayer and an inexhaustible source of practi-
cal teaching; and it is to be found in the first instance in the books of the New
Testament. St John Chrysostom says that these writings "are teachers which
never cease to instruct us [...]. Open these books. What a treasury of good re-
medies they contain! [...]. All you need do is look at the book, read it and re-
member well the wise teachings therein. The source of all our evils is our igno-
rance of the sacred books" ("Hom. on Col, ad loc.").

St Paul also reminds us that our appreciation should lead us to glorify the Lord
with songs of joy and gratitude. We can use ready-made hymns for this purpose,
and also the Psalms, which the Church has always used in its liturgy to praise
God and to nourish the spiritual life. "Just as the mouth savors good food, so
does the heart savor the Psalms" (St Bernard, "Sermons on the Song of Songs",
7, 5).

See the note on Eph 5:19.

17. All genuinely human things can and should be sanctified (cf. 1 Cor 10:31),
by being done perfectly and for love of God.

The Second Vatican Council has recalled this teaching: "Lay people [...], while
meeting their human obligations in the ordinary conditions of life, should not se-
parate their union with Christ from their ordinary life; through the very performance
of their tasks, which are God's will for them, they actually promote the growth of
their union with him. This is the path along which lay people must advance, fer-
vently, joyfully" ("Apostolicam Actuositatem", 4).

This teaching was very much part of the message and life of the founder of Opus
Dei: "I assure you, my children, that when a Christian carries out with love the
most insignificant everyday action, that action overflows with the transcendence
of God. That is why I have told you repeatedly, and hammered away once and
again on the idea, that the Christian vocation consists in making heroic verse
out of the prose of each day. Heaven and earth seem to merge, my children, on
the horizon. But where they really meet is in your hearts, when you sanctify your
everyday lives" ("Conversations", 116).

The Second Vatican Council also sees in this passage of Colossians a basis for
ecumenical dialogue with non-Catholics: "And if in moral matters there are many
Christians who do not always understand the Gospel in the same way as Catho-
lics, and do not admit the same solutions for the more difficult problems of mo-
dern society, they nevertheless want to cling to Christ's word as the source of
Christian virtue and to obey the command of the Apostle: [Col 3:17 follows]"
("Unitatis Redintegratio", 23).

18-19. In the period when this epistle was written, especially in the East, women
were regarded as inferior to men. St Paul does not make a direct attack on the
customs of his time, but the way he focuses the question of the role of women
provides the elements of an answer to it. He identifies what a woman's role in the
family should be: it is true that the husband has an important part to play, but the
wife also has a role to perform and one which is non-transferable. The wife is not
the husband's slave: she is his equal in dignity and must be treated by him with
respect and sincere love. It is taken for granted that the family needs a center
of authority, and that this authority belongs to the husband, in accordance with
God's design (cf. 1 Cor 11:3, 12-14). "The place and task of the father in and for
the family is of unique and irreplaceable importance [...]. In revealing and in re-
living on earth the very fatherhood of God (cf. Eph 3:15), a man is called upon to
ensure the harmonious and united development of all the members of the family"
(John Paul II, "Familiaris Consortio", 25).

God gave Eve to Adam as his inseparable companion and complement (cf. Gen
2:18); she was therefore duty-bound to live in peace with him. Man and woman
have different, though complementary, roles in family life; they are equal in digni-
ty, by virtue of the fact that they are human persons: "The unity of marriage, dis-
tinctly recognized by our Lord, is made clear in the equal personal dignity which
must be accorded to man and woman in mutual and unreserved affection" (Vati-
can II, "Gaudium Et Spes", 49).

Therefore, a husband should make a special effort to love and respect his wife:
"You are not her master", writes Saint Ambrose, "but her husband; she was not
given to you to be your slave, but your wife [...]. Reciprocate her attentiveness
to you and be grateful to her for her love" ("Exameron", 5, 7, 19 quoted in "Fami-
liaris Consortio", 25).

See the note on Eph 5:22-24 and 5:25-33.

20-21. Children should obey their parents in everything, as God has commanded
(cf. Ex 20:12; Sir 3:8ff)--a commandment which shows that this is something
which is part of human nature. Obviously for a child's obedience to "please the
Lord" it must not involve doing anything that is opposed to God's will, for Jesus
taught that "he who loves father or mother more than me is not worthy of me"
(Mt 10:37).

For their part, parents must do everything they can to bring up their children well.
In every family there should be an "educational exchange between parents and
children (cf. Eph 6:1-4; Col 3:20f) in which each gives and receives. By means of
love, respect and obedience towards their parents, children offer their specific and
irreplaceable contribution to the construction of an authentically human and Chris-
tian family (cf. "Gaudium Et Spes", 48). They will be aided in this if parents exer-
cise their unrenounceable authority as a true and proper 'ministry', that is, as a
service to the human and Christian well-being of their children, and in particular
as a service aimed at helping them acquire a truly responsible freedom" ("Fami-
liaris Consortio", 21).

See the note on Eph 6:1-4.

Alternate 2nd Reading: 1 John 3:1-2, 21-24

We are Children of God
-----------------------------------
[1] See what love the Father has given us, that we should be called children of
God; and so we are. The reason why the world does not know us is that it did
not know him. [2] Beloved, we are God's children now; it does not yet appear
what we shall be, but we know that when he appears we shall be like him, for
we shall see him as he is.

Loving One Another (Continuation)
--------------------------------------------------
[22] and we receive from him whatever we ask, because we keep his com-
mandments and do what pleases him. [23] And this is his commandment, that
we should believe in the name of his Son Jesus Christ and love one another,
just as he has commanded us. [24] All who keep his commandments abide in
him, and he in them. And by this we know that he abides in us, by the Spirit
which he has given us.

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Commentary:

1-24. This entire chapter shows how moved the Apostle is when he contem-
plates the marvelous gift of divine filiation. The Holy Spirit, who is the author of
all Sacred Scripture, has desired John to pass on to us this unique revelation:
we are children of God (v. 1).

It is not easy to divide the chapter into sections, because the style is very cy-
clic and colloquial and includes many repetitions and further thoughts which
make for great vividness and freshness. However, we can distinguish an ope-
ning proclamation of the central message (vv. 1-2) and emphasis on two re-
quirements of divine filiation -- rejection of sin in any shape or form (vv. 3-10),
and brotherly love lived to the full (vv. 11-24).

1. "We should be called children of God": the original Hebrew expression,
which reads "we are called...", is also used by our Lord in the Beatitudes (cf.
Mt 5:9): "to be called" means the same as "to be called by God"; and in the
language of the Bible, when God gives someone a name he is not simply con-
ferring a title but is causing the thing that the name indicates (cf., e.g., Gen
17:5), for the word of God is efficacious, it does what it says it will do; hence,
St John's adding: "and so we are."

Therefore, it is not just a matter of a metaphorical title, or a legal fiction, or
adoption human-style: divine filiation is an essential feature of a Christian's life,
a marvelous fact whereby God gratuitously gives men a strictly supernatural
dignity, an intimacy with God whereby they are "domestici Dei", "members of
the household of God" (Eph 2:19). This explains the tone of amazement and
joy with which St John passes on this revelation.

This sense of divine filiation is one of the central points in the spirituality of
Opus Dei. Its founder wrote: "We do not exist in order to pursue just any hap-
piness. We have been called to penetrate the intimacy of God's own life, to
know and love God the Father, God the Son, and God the Holy Spirit, and to
love also--in that same love of the one God in three divine Persons--the angels
and all men.

"This is the great boldness of the Christian faith--to proclaim the value and dig-
nity of human nature and to affirm that we have been created to obtain the dig-
nity of children of God, through the grace that raises us up to a supernatural
level. An incredible boldness it would be, were it not founded on the promise
of salvation given us by God the Father, confirmed by the blood of Christ, and
reaffirmed and made possible by the constant action of the Holy Spirit" ("Christ
Is Passing By", 133).

"The world does not know us, (because) it did not know him": these words are
reminiscent of our Lord's at the Last Supper: "the hour is coming when whoever
kills you will think he is offering service to God. And they will do this because
they have not known the Father, nor me" (Jn 16:2-3). Divine filiation brings with
it communion and a mysterious identification between Christ and the Christian.

2. The indescribable gift of divine filiation, which the world does not know (v. 1),
is not fully experienced by Christians, because the seeds of divine life which it
contains will only reach their full growth in eternal life, when we see him "as he
is", "face to face" (1 Cor 13:12); "this is eternal life, that they know thee the on-
ly true God, and Jesus Christ whom thou hast sent" (Jn 17:3). In that direct
sight of God as he is, and of all things in God, the life of grace and divine filia-
tion achieve their full growth. Man is not naturally able to see God face to face;
he needs to be enlightened by a special light, which is given the technical theo-
logical name of "lumen gloriae", light of glory. This does not allow him to "take
in" all God (no created thing could do that), but it does allow him to look at God
directly.

Commenting on this verse, the "St Pius V Catechism" explains that "beatitude
consists of two things--that we shall behold God such as he is in his own na-
ture and substance; and that we ourselves shall become, as it were, gods.
For those who enjoy God while they retain their own nature, assume a certain
admirable and almost divine form, so as to seem gods rather than men" (I, 13,
7).

"When he appears": two interpretations are possible, given that in Greek the
verb has no subject: "when (what we shall be) is revealed we shall be as he is";
or, as the New Vulgate translates it, "when he (Christ) is revealed we will be
like him (Christ)". The second interpretation is the more likely.

19-22. The Apostle reassures us: God knows everything; not only does he
know our sins and our frailties, he also knows our repentance and our good
desires, and he understands and forgives us (St Peter, on the Lake of Tiberias,
made the same confession to Jesus: "Lord, you know everything, you know
that I love you": Jn 21:17).

St John's teaching on divine mercy is very clear: if our conscience tells us we
have done wrong, we can seek forgiveness and strengthen our hope in God; if
ur conscience does not accuse us, our confidence in God is ardent and bold,
like that of a child who has loving experience of his Father's tenderness. The

love of God is mightier than our sins, Pope John Paul II reminds us: "When we
realize that God's love for us does not cease in the face of our sin or recoil be-
fore our offenses, but becomes even more attentive and generous; when we rea-
lize that this love went so far as to cause the Passion and Death of the Word
made flesh who consented to redeem us at the price of his own blood, then we
exclaim in gratitude: 'Yes, the Lord is rich in mercy', and even: 'The Lord is mer-
cy"' ("Reconciliatio Et Paenitentia", 22).

This confidence in God makes for confidence in prayer: "If you abide in me, and
my words abide in you, ask whatever you will, and it shall be done for you" (Jn
15:7; cf. 14:13f; 16:23, 26-27).

23-24. The commandments of God are summed up here in terms of love for
Jesus and love for the brethren. "We cannot rightly love one another unless we
believe in Christ; nor can we truly believe in the name of Jesus Christ without
brotherly love" (St Bede, "In I Epist. S. Ioannis, ad loc."). Faith and love cannot
be separated (cf. Gal 5:6); our Lord himself told us what would mark his disci-
ples out--their love for one another (Jn 13:34-35).

Keeping the commandments confirms to the Christian that he is abiding in God:
"If you keep my commandments, you will abide in my love" (Jn 15:10). Moreover,
it ensures that God abides in his soul, by the indwelling of the Holy Spirit: "If
you love me you will keep my commandments. And I will pray the Father, and
he will give you another Counselor, to be with you for ever" (Jn 14:15-16).

"May God be your house and you God's; dwell in God that God may dwell in
you. God dwells in you to support you; you dwell in God in order not to fall.
Keep the commandments, have charity" ("In I Epist. S. loannis, ad loc.").

Gospel Reading: Luke 2:41-52

The Finding in the Temple
--------------------------------------
[41] Now his (Jesus') parents went to Jerusalem every year at the feast of the
Passover. [42] And when he was twelve years old, they went up according to
custom; [43] and when the feast was ended, as they were returning, the boy
Jesus stayed behind in Jerusalem. His parents did not know it, [44 but suppo-
sing him to be in the company they went a day's journey, and they sought him
among their kinsfolk and acquaintances; [45] and when they did not find him,
they returned to Jerusalem, seeking him. [46] And after three days they found
him in the temple sitting among the teachers, listening to them and asking them
questions; [47] and all who heard him were amazed at his understanding and his
answers. [48] And when they saw him they were astonished; and his mother said
to him, "Son, why have you treated us so? Behold, your father and I have been
looking for you anxiously." [49] And he said to them, "How is it that you sought
me? Did you not know that I must be in my Father's house ?" [50] And they did
not understand the saying which he spoke to them.

The Hidden Life of Jesus at Nazareth
------------------------------------------------------
[51] And he went down with them and came to Nazareth, and was obedient to
them; and his mother kept all these things in her heart. [52] And Jesus increased
in wisdom and in stature, and in favor with God and man.

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Commentary:

41. Only St Luke (2:41-50) reports the event of the Child Jesus being lost and
then found in the temple, which we contemplate in the "Fifth Joyful Mystery" of
the Rosary.

Only males aged twelve and upwards were required to make this journey. Naza-
reth is about 100 km (60 miles) from Jerusalem as the crow flies, but the hilly
nature of the country would have made it a trip of 140 km.

43-44. On pilgrimages to Jerusalem, the Jews used to go in two groups--one of
men, the other of women. Children could go with either group. This explains how
they could go a day's journey before they discovered the Child was missing when
the families regrouped to camp.

"Mary is crying. In vain you and I have run from group to group, from caravan to
caravan. No one has seen him. Joseph, after fruitless attempts to keep from
crying, cries too.... And you.... And I. 'Being a common little fellow, I cry my
eyes out and wail to heaven and earth..., to make up for the times when I lost
him through my own fault and did not cry" (St. J. Escriva, "Holy Rosary", Fifth
Joyful Mystery).

45. The concern which Mary and Joseph show in looking for the Child should
encourage us always to seek Jesus out, particularly if we lose him through sin.

"Jesus, may I never lose you again.... Now you and I are united in misfortune
and grief, as were united in sin. And from the depths of our being comes sighs
of heartfelt sorrow and burning phrases which the pen cannot and should not re-
cord" ("Holy Rosary", Fifth Joyful Mystery).

46-47. The Child Jesus must have been in the courtyard of the temple, which
was where the teachers usually taught. Listeners used to sit at their feet, now 
and again asking questions and responding to them. This was what Jesus did,
but his questions and answers attracted the teachers' attention, he was so wise
and well-informed.

48. Ever since the Annunciation our Lady had known that the Child Jesus was
God. This faith was the basis of her generous fidelity throughout her life--but
there was no reason why it should include detailed knowledge of all the sacrif-
ices God would ask of her, nor of how Christ would go about his mission of re-
demption: that was something she would discover as time went by, contempla-
ting her Son's life.

49. Christ's reply is a form of explanation. His words--his first words to be recor-
ded in the Gospel--clearly show his down Sonship; and they also show his de-
termination to fulfill the will of his Eternal Father. "He does not upbraid them --
Mary and Joseph--for searching for their son, but he raises the eyes of their
souls to appreciate what he owes him whose Eternal Son he is" (St Bede, "In
Lucae Evangelium Expositio, in loc."). Jesus teaches us that over and above
any human authority, even that of our parents, there is the primary duty to do
the will of God. "And once we are consoled by the joy of finding Jesus -- three
days he was gone! -- debating with the teachers of Israel (Lk 2:46), you and I
shall be left deeply impressed by the duty to leave our home and family to serve
our heavenly Father" (St. J. Escriva, "Holy Rosary", Fifth Joyful Mystery"). See
note on Mt 10:34-37.

50. We must remember that Jesus knew in detail the whole course his earthly
life would take from his conception onwards (cf. note on Lk 2:52). This is shown
by what he says in reply to his parents. Mary and Joseph realized that his reply
contained a deeper meaning which they did not grasp. They grew to understand
it as the life of their Child unfolded. Mary's and Joseph's faith and their reverence
towards the Child led them not to ask any further questions but to reflect on
Jesus' words and behavior in this instance, as they had done so on other occa-
sions.

51. The Gospel sums up Jesus' life in Nazareth in just three words: "erat subdi-
tus illis", he was obedient to them. "Jesus obeys, and he obeys Joseph and
Mary. God has come to the world to obey, and to obey creatures. Admittedly
they were very perfect creatures--Holy Mary, our mother, greater than whom
God alone; and that most chaste man Joseph. But they are only creatures, and
yet Jesus, who is God, obeyed them. We have to love God so as to love his will
and desire to respond to his calls. They come to us through the duties of our or-
dinary life -- duties of state, profession, work, family, social life, our own and
other people's difficulties, friendship, eagerness to do what is right and just" (St.
J. Escriva, "Christ Is Passing By", 17).

Jesus lived like any other inhabitant of Nazareth, working at the same trade as
St Joseph and earning his living by the sweat of his brow. "His hidden years are
not without significance, nor were they simply a preparation for the years which
were to come after--those of his public life. Since 1928 I have understood clearly
that God wants our Lord's whole life to be an example for Christians. I saw this
with special reference to his hidden life, the years he spent working side by side
with ordinary men. Our Lord wants many people to ratify their vocation during
years of quiet, unspectacular living. Obeying God's will always means leaving our
selfishness behind, but there is no reason why it should entail cutting ourselves
off from the normal life of ordinary people who share the same status, work and
social position with us.

"I dream--and the dream has come true--of multitudes of God's children, sancti-
fying themselves as ordinary citizens, sharing the ambitions and endeavors of 
heir colleagues and friends. I want to shout to them about this divine truth: If you
are there in the middle of ordinary life, it doesn't mean Christ has forgotten about
you or hasn't called you. He has invited you to stay among the activities and con-
cerns of the world. He wants you to know that your human vocation, your profes-
sion, your talents, are not omitted from his divine plans. He has sanctified them
and made them a most acceptable offering to his Father" (St. J. Escriva, "Christ
Is Passing By", 20).

52. As far as his human nature was concerned Jesus matured like anyone else.
His growth in wisdom should be seen as referring to experiential knowledge --
knowledge acquired by his mind from sense experience and general experience
of life. It can also be taken as referring to the external expression of his wisdom;
in this sense everything he did was done perfectly, in keeping with whatever age
he was at the time.

As man Jesus had three kinds of knowledge: 1. "The knowledge of the blessed"
(vision of the divine essence) by virtue of the hypostatic union (the union of his
human nature with his divine nature in the one person of the Word). This know-
ledge did not allow of any increase. 2. "Infused knowledge", which perfected his
intellect and which meant that he knew everything, even hidden things; thus he
was able to read men's hearts. Here again his knowledge was complete; it could
not grow. 3. "Acquired knowledge": he acquired new knowledge through sense
experience and reflection; logically, this knowledge increased as time went by.

As far as grace, in the strict sense of the word, was concerned, Jesus could not
grow. From the first instant of his conception he possessed grace in all its full-

ness because he was true God by virtue of the hypostatic union. As St Tho-
mas explains: "The end of grace is the union of the rational creature with God.
But there can neither be nor be conceived a greater union of the rational creature
with God than that which is in the person of Christ [...]. Hence it is clear that the
grace of Christ cannot be increased on the part of grace. But neither can it be in-
creased on the part of Christ, since Christ as man was a true and full 'compre-
hensor from the first instant of his conception. Hence there could have been no
increase of grace in him" ("Summa Theologiae", Ill, q.7, a.12).

However, we can speak of his growing in grace in the sense of the "effects" of
grace. In the last analysis, this matter is one of the mysteries of our faith, which
our minds cannot fully grasp. How small God would be if we were able fully to fa-
thom this mystery! That Christ should conceal his infinite power and wisdom by
becoming a Child teaches our pride a great lesson.



*********************************************************************************************
Source: "The Navarre Bible: Text and Commentaries". Biblical text from the
Revised Standard Version and New Vulgate. Commentaries by members of
the Faculty of Theology, University of Navarre, Spain.

Published by Four Courts Press, Kill Lane, Blackrock, Co. Dublin, Ireland, and
by Scepter Publishers in the United States. We encourage readers to purchase
The Navarre Bible for personal study. See Scepter Publishers for details.


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