29th Sunday in Ordinary Time, Cycle C (다해 연중 제29주일)
1st Reading: Exodus 17:8-13
A battle against the Amalekites
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[8] Then came Amalek and fought with Israel at Rephidim. [9] And Moses said
to Joshua, “Choose for us men, and go out, fight with Amalek; tomorrow I will
stand on the top of the hill with the rod of God in my hand.” [10] So Joshua did
as Moses told him, and fought with Amalek; and Moses, Aaron, and Hur went
up to the top of the hill. [11] Whenever Moses held up his hand, Israel pre-
vailed; and whenever he lowered his hand, Amalek prevailed. [17] But Moses’
hands grew weary; so they took a stone and put it under him, and he sat upon
it, and Aaron and Hur held up his hands, one on one side, and the other on the
other side; so his hands were steady until the going down of the sun. [13] And
Joshua mowed down Amalek and his people with the edge of the sword.
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Commentary:
17:8-16 In addition to the shortages of food and water the Israelites also had to
cope with attacks from other groups in the desert over rights to wells and pas-
tures. Their confrontation with the Amalekites shows that the same God as
alleviated their more pressing needs (hunger and thirst) will protect them from
enemy attack.
The Amalekites were an ancient people (cf. Num 24:20; Gen 14:7; 36:12, 16;
Judg 1:16) who were spread all over the north of the Sinai peninsula, the
Negeb, Seir and the south of Canaan; they controlled the caravan routes be-
tween Arabia and Egypt. In the Bible they appear as a perennial enemy of
Israel (cf. Deut 25:17-18; 1 Sam 15:3; 27:8, 30) until in the time of Hezekiah
(1 Chron 4:41-43) the oracle about blotting out their memory finds fulfillment
(v. 14). The mention of Joshua leading the battle and of Aaron and Hur helping
Moses to pray point to the fact that after Moses political-military and religious
authority will be split, with the priests taking over the latter.
With the rod in his hand, Moses directs the battle from a distance, but his main
involvement is by interceding for his people, asking God to give them victory.
The Fathers read this episode as a figure of the action of Christ who, on the
cross (symbolized by the rod), won victory over the devil and death (cf.
Tertullian, Adversus Marcionem, 3, 18; St. Cyprian, Testimonia, 2, 21).
2nd Reading: 2 Timothy 3:14-4:2
Staying true to Scripture
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[14] But as for you, continue in what you have learned and have firmly believed,
knowing from whom you have learned it [15] and how from childhood you have
been acquainted with the sacred writings which are able to instruct you for salva-
tion through faith in Christ Jesus. [16] All scripture is inspired by God and
profitable for teaching, for reproof, for correction, and for training in righteous-
ness, [17] that the man of god may be complete, equipped for every good work.
Dedication to preaching
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[1] I charge you in the presence of God and of Christ Jesus who is to judge the
living and the dead, and by his appearing and his kingdom: [2] preach the word,
be urgent in season and out of season, convince, rebuke, and exhort, be unfail-
ing in patience and in teaching.
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Commentary:
14-15. “Continue in what you have learned and firmly believed”: this is sound
advice – that Timothy should not relinquish the truth which he learned from his
mother and from the Apostle: “Religion, of its nature, must be passed on in its
entirety to children with the same fidelity as it has been received by the parents
themselves; we have no right to take religion and do with it what we will; rather, it
is we who must follow religion wherever it leads us” (St Vincent of Lerins,
Commonitorium, 5).
Assiduous meditation on the Word of God and reflection on our experience in the
light of faith make for deeper understanding of revealed truth; but the essential
meaning of the truths of faith does not change, because God does not contradict
himself. Progress in theology consists in obtaining this deeper understanding of
the content of Revelation and relating it to the needs and the insights of people in
each culture and period of history. In this connexion Paul VI wrote: “We also in-
sisted on the grave responsibility incumbent upon us, but which we share with our
Brothers in the Episcopate, of preserving unaltered the content of the Catholic
faith which the Lord entrusted to the Apostles. While being translated into all
expressions, this content must be neither impaired nor mutilated. While being
clothed with the outward forms proper to each people, and made explicit by theo-
logical expression which takes account of different cultural, social and even racial
milieux, it must remain the content of the Catholic faith just exactly as the eccle-
sial Magisterium has received it and transmits it” (Evangelii nuntiandi, 65).
16. Due to the conciseness of the Greek language (which often omits the verb
TO BE), this verse can also be translated as “All scripture inspired by God is
profitable”; cf. the RSV note. Paul is explicitly stating here that all the books of
the Bible are inspired by God, and are therefore of great help to the Church in its
mission.
The books of Sacred Scripture enjoy special authority because “the divinely
revealed realities, which are contained and presented in the text of Sacred Scrip-
ture, have been written down under the inspiration of the Holy Spirit. For Holy
Mother Church, relying on the faith of the apostolic age, accepts as sacred and
canonical the books of the Old and New Testaments, whole and entire, with all
their parts, on the grounds that, written under the inspiration of the Holy Spirit they
have God as their author, and have been handed on as such to the Church her-
self. To compose the sacred books, God chose certain men who, all the while he
employed them in this task, made full use of their powers and faculties so that,
though he acted in them and by them, it was as true authors that they consigned
to writing whatever he wanted written, and no more. Since, therefore, all that the
inspired authors, or sacred writers, affirm should be regarded as affirmed by the
Holy Spirit, we must acknowledge that the books of Scripture, firmly, faithfully and
without error, teach that truth which god, for the sake of our salvation, wished to
see confided to the Sacred Scripture” (Vatican II, Dei Verbum, 11).
Therefore, the Bible is very useful in preaching and teaching, in theological re-
search and for one’s own spiritual advancement and that of others. Referring to
the training of future priests, the Second Vatican Council recommends that they
“receive a most careful training in Holy Scripture, which should be the soul, as it
were, of all theology” (Optatam totius, 16).
St. Gregory the Great has this to say about Scripture’s usefulness “for teaching”;
“Anyone preparing to preach in the right way needs to take his points from the
Sacred Scriptures in order to ensure that everything he says is based on divine
authority” (Moralia, 18, 26). And the same Father says elsewhere: “What is
Sacred Scripture if not a kind of letter from almighty God to his creature? […]
Therefore, please study and reflect on the words of your Creator every day.
Learn that the will of God is by entering deep into the words of that great yearning
for heavenly delights” (Epistula ad Theodorum medicum, 5, 31).
Scripture is also profitable “for reproof”, St. Jerome writes: “Read the divine
Scriptures very often, or, to put it better, never let sacred reading matter out of
your hands. Learn what it has to teach, keep a firm hold on the word of faith
which accords with doctrine, so as to be able to exhort others with sound doctrine
and win over your opponents” (Ad Nepotianum, 7).
17. “Man of God”: see the note on 1 Tim 6:11. This description shows the basis
of a priest’s dignity. “The priestly vocation is invested with a dignity and great-
ness which has no equal on earth. St. Catherine of Siena put these words on
Jesus’ lips: ‘I do not wish the respect which priests should be given to be in any
way diminished; for the reverence and respect which is shown them is not refer-
red to them but to Me, by virtue of the Blood which I have given to them to
administer. Were it not for this, you should render them the same reverence as
lay people, and no more. . . . You must not offend them; by offending them you
offend Me and not them. Therefore I forbid it and I have laid it down that you
shall not touch my Christs’” (J. Escriva, In Love with the Church, 38).
1. The last chapter of the letter, summing up its main themes, is in fact St Paul’s
last will and testament and has the features of that type of document: it begins
in a formal manner (vv. 1-5), protests the sincerity of his dedicated life (vv. 6-8)
and concludes with some very tender, personal messages (vv. 9-22).
The opening is couched in a solemn form (also found in 1 Tim 5:21) similar to a
Greco-Roman will, laying on the heirs an obligation to carry out the testator’s
wishes: “I charge you”; a series of imperatives follows. To underline the impor-
tance of what the testator is requesting, God the Father and Jesus Christ are
invoked as witnesses, guarantors of the commitments which will devolve on the
heirs. By swearing this document the testator is performing an act of the virtue of
religion, because he is acknowledging God as Supreme Judge, to whom we must
render an account of our actions.
“Christ Jesus who is to judge the living and the dead”: a graphic, catechetical
expression (cf. Acts 10:42; 1 Pet 4:5), confessing belief in the truth that all men
without exception will undergo judgment by Jesus Christ, from whose decision
there is no appeal. This has become part of the Creed; in a solemn profession of
faith, the Creed of the People of God, Pope Paul VI elaborated on this article of
faith as we have seen in the commentary on 2 Thessalonians 1:5 above.
2. “Preach the word”: that is, the message of the Gospel, which includes all the
truths to be believed, the commandments to be kept and the sacraments and
other supernatural resources to be availed of. In the life of the Church the
ministry of the word has special importance; it is the channel God has estab-
lished whereby man can partake of the Gospel; priests have a special duty to
preach the word: “The people of God is formed into one in the first place by the
Word of the living God, which is quite rightly sought from the mouth of priests.
For since nobody can be saved who has not first believed, it is the first task of
priests as co-workers of the bishops to preach the Gospel of God to all men. In
this way they carry out the Lord’s command, ‘Go into all the world and preach the
Gospel to the whole creation’ (Mk 16:15) and thus set up and increase the people
of God” (Vatican II, Presbyterorum ordinis, 4).
“In season and out of season”, that is, even in adverse circumstances (cf. v. 3),
or when hearers are disinclined to accept the Christian message. Timothy and,
like him, all other sacred ministers, ought to behave towards the faithfull in
accordance with the demands of Christian life and doctrine. “What do men want,
what do they expect of the priest, the minister of Christ, the living sign of the
presence of the Good Shepherd? We would venture to say that, although they
may not explicitly say so, they need, want and hope for a priest-priest, a priest
through and through, a man who gives his life for them, by opening to them the
horizons of the soul; a man who unceasingly exercises his ministry, whose heart
is capable of understanding, and a man who gives simply and joyfully, in season
and even out of season, what he alone can give – the richness of grace, of
divine intimacy which, through him, God wishes to distribute among men” (A. del
Portillo, On Priesthood, p. 66).
Gospel Reading: Luke 18:1-8
Persevering Prayer. Parable of the Unjust Judge
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[1] And He (Jesus) told them a parable, to the effect that they ought
always to pray and not lose heart. [2] He said, "In a certain city
there was a judge who neither feared God nor regarded man; [3] and
there was a widow in that city who kept coming to him saying,
`Vindicate me against my adversary.' [4] For a while he refused; but
afterward he said to himself, `Though I neither fear God nor regard
man, [5] yet because this widow bothers me, I will vindicate her, or
she will wear me out by her continual coming.' [6] And the Lord said,
"hear what the unrighteous judge says. [7] And will not God vindicate
His elect, who cry to Him day and night? Will He delay long over
them? [8] I tell you, He will vindicate them speedily. Nevertheless,
when the Son of Man comes, will he find faith on earth?"
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Commentary:
1-8. The parable of the unjust judge is a very eloquent lesson about
the effectiveness of persevering, confident prayer. It also forms a
conclusion to Jesus' teaching about watchfulness, contained in the
previous verses (17:23-26). Comparing God with a person like this
makes the point even clearer: if even an unjust judge ends up giving
justice to the man who keeps on pleading his case, how much more
will God, who is infinitely just, and who is our Father, listen to the
persevering prayer of His children. God, in other words, gives justice
to His elect if they persist in seeking His help.
1. "They ought always to pray and not lose heart." Why must we pray?
"1. WE MUST PRAY FIRST AND FOREMOST BECAUSE WE ARE
BELIEVERS.
"Prayer is in fact the recognition of our limitation and our
dependence: we come from God, we belong to God and we return to
God! We cannot, therefore, but abandon ourselves to Him, our
Creator and Lord, with full and complete confidence [...].
"Prayer, therefore, is first of all an act of intelligence, a
feeling of humility and gratitude, an attitude of trust and
abandonment to Him who gave us life out of love.
"Prayer is a mysterious but real dialogue with God, a dialogue of
confidence and love.
"2. WE, HOWEVER, ARE CHRISTIANS, AND THEREFORE WE
MUST PRAY AS CHRISTIANS.
"For the Christian, in fact, prayer acquires a particular
characteristic, which completely changes its innermost nature and
innermost value. The Christian is a disciple of Jesus; he is one
who really believes that Jesus is the Word Incarnate, the Son of
God who came among us on this earth.
"As a man, the life of Jesus was a continual prayer, a continual
act of worship and love of the Father and since the maximum
expression of prayer is sacrifice, the summit of Jesus' prayer is
the Sacrifice of the Cross, anticipated by the Eucharist at the Last
Supper and handed down by means of the Holy Mass throughout
the centuries.
"Therefore, the Christian knows that his prayer is that of Jesus;
every prayer of his starts from Jesus; it is He who prays in us,
with us, for us. All those who believe in God, pray; but the
Christian prays in Jesus Christ: Christ is our prayer!
"3. FINALLY, WE MUST ALSO PRAY BECAUSE WE ARE FRAIL
AND GUILTY.
"It must be humbly and realistically recognized that we are poor
creatures, confused in ideas, tempted by evil, frail and weak, in
continual need of inner strength and consolation. Prayer gives
the strength for great ideas, to maintain faith, charity, purity
and generosity. Prayer gives the courage to emerge from
indifference and guilt, if unfortunately one has yielded to
temptation and weakness. Prayer gives light to see and consider
the events of one's own life and of history in the salvific
perspective of God and eternity. Therefore, do not stop praying!
Let not a day pass without your having prayed a little! Prayer is
a duty, but it is also a great joy, because it is a dialogue with
God through Jesus Christ! Every Sunday, Holy Mass: if it is
possible for you, sometimes during the week. Every day, morning
and evening prayers, and at the most suitable moments!" (John
Paul II, "Audience with Young People", 14 March 1979).
8. Jesus combines His teaching about perseverance in prayer with a
serious warning about the need to remain firm in the faith: faith and
prayer go hand in hand. St. Augustine comments, "In order to pray, let
us believe; and for our faith not to weaken, let us pray. Faith causes
prayer to grow, and when prayer grows our faith is strengthened"
("Sermon", 115).
Our Lord has promised His Church that it will remain true to its
mission until the end of time (cf. Matthew 28:20); the Church,
therefore, cannot go off the path of the true faith. But not everyone
will remain faithful: some will turn their backs on the faith of their
own accord. This is the mystery which St. Paul describes as "the
rebellion" (2 Thessalonians 2:3) and which Jesus Christ announces
on other occasions (cf. Matthew 24:12-13). In this way our Lord warns
us, to help us stay watchful and persevere in the faith and in prayer
even though people around us fall away.
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Source: "The Navarre Bible: Text and Commentaries". Biblical text from the
Revised Standard Version and New Vulgate. Commentaries by members of
the Faculty of Theology, University of Navarre, Spain.
Published by Four Courts Press, Kill Lane, Blackrock, Co. Dublin, Ireland, and
by Scepter Publishers in the United States. We encourage readers to purchase
The Navarre Bible for personal study. See Scepter Publishers for details.
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