Tuesday

6th Week of Ordinary Time

(I) 1st Reading: Genesis 6:5-8; 7:1-5, 10

The spread of wickedness
--------------------------------------
[5] The Lord saw that the wickedness of man was great in the earth, and that
every imagination of the thoughts of his heart was only evil continually. [6] And
the Lord was sorry that he had made man on the earth, and it grieved him to his
heart. [7] So the Lord said, ¡°I will blot out man whom I have created from the
face of the ground, man and beast and creeping things and birds of the air, for
I am sorry that I have made them.¡± [8] But Noah found favour in the eyes of the
Lord.

[1] Then the Lord said to Noah, "Go into the ark, you and all your household, for I
have seen that you are righteous before me in this generation. [2] Take with you
seven pairs of all clean animals, the male and his mate; and a pair of the animals
that are not clean, the male and his mate; [3] and seven pairs of the birds of the
air also, male and female, to keep their kind alive upon the face of all the earth.
[4] For in seven days I will send rain upon the earth forty days and forty nights;
and every living thing that I have made I will blot out from the face of the ground."

Boarding the ark
------------------------
[5] And Noah did all that the Lord had commanded him.

*********************************************************************************************
Commentary: 

6:1-8. From the very beginning, evil and sin spread in tandem with the growth of
mankind. We can see this in the episode of Cain and Abel and the same point
is being made, somewhat obscurely in this account, which bears traces of the
ancient Yahwistic tradition.

6,1-8. ÇÑóÀ½ºÎÅÍ, ¾Ç°ú ÁË´Â ÀηùÀÇ ¼ºÀå°ú ÇÔ²² Çù·ÂÇÏ¿© ÆÛÁý´Ï´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â ÀÌ°ÍÀ» 
Ä«ÀÎ(Cain)°ú ¾Æº§(Abel)ÀÇ ¿¡ÇǼҵ忡¼­ º¼ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ±×¸®°í , ÀÌ À̾߱⿡ ÀÖ¾î 
¾î¶² ¸é¿¡¼­´Â ¸ðÈ£ÇÏ°Ô, ²À °°Àº °á·ÐÀÌ ³»·ÁÁö´Âµ¥, ÀÌ°ÍÀº °í´ëÀÇ ¾ßÈÑ°è Àü½Â
(Yahwistic tradition)ÀÇ ÈçÀûµéÀ» º¸¿©ÁÝ´Ï´Ù.


6:5-8. The severity of these words shows just how corrupt mankind had become.
There is also a lesson here about the absolute sovereignty of God, who has po-
wer to wipe mankind off the face of the earth.

6,5-8. ÀÌ Ç¥ÇöµéÀÇ °¡È¤ÇÔÀº ´ÜÀûÀ¸·Î Àηù°¡ ¾ó¸¶³ª Ÿ¶ôÇÏ°Ô µÇ¾ú´ÂÁö¸¦ º¸¿©ÁÝ´Ï´Ù. 
¿©±â¿¡´Â ¶ÇÇÑ, Áö±¸ÀÇ Ç¥¸é¿¡¼­ Àηù¸¦ ¸»²ûÈ÷ ¸»»ìÇÏ´Â(wipe off) ÈûÀ» °¡Áö°í °è½Å, 
ÇÏ´À´ÔÀÇ Àý´ëÀûÀÎ ÁÖ±Ç(sovereignty)¿¡ °üÇÑ ÇÑ °³ÀÇ ±³ÈÆÀÌ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.


God¡¯s original plan when he created man seems to have been a failure--hence his
decision (couched in very human terms) to destroy what he has made. But that is
not going to happen: mankind will be saved through the fidelity of one man, Noah;
and the earth will be populated again after the flood. We see two themes coming
in here which have a high profile in the Bible: the first is that God loves everything
he creates, and his interventions (even in the form of punishment) are always
aimed at man¡¯s salvation; the second is that the righteous man, or a small rem-
nant of faithful people, brings about the salvation of all mankind. It is in this sense
that the Fathers also see in Noah a figure of Christ, because through Christ¡¯s
obedience God¡¯s mercy reaches every human being.

±×ºÐ²²¼­ »ç¶÷À» âÁ¶ÇϼÌÀ» ¶§¿¡ ÇÏ´À´ÔÀÇ ¾ÖÃÊÀÇ °èȹÀº ÇÑ °³ÀÇ ½ÇÆп´´ø °ÍÀ¸·Î 
º¸À̸ç, ±×¸®ÇÏ¿© ±×ºÐ²²¼­ ¸¸µå¼Ì´ø ¹Ù¸¦ Æı«ÇÏ°íÀÚ ÇÏ´Â ±×ºÐÀÇ °áÁ¤ÀÖ¾ú´ø °ÍÀ¸·Î 
º¸ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ±×·¯ÇÑ °ÍÀº ¹ß»ýÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ» °ÍÀ̸ç, Àηù´Â,
³ë¾Æ(Noah)¶ó´Â, ÇÑ ¸íÀÇ 
Ãæ½ÇÇÔÀ» ÅëÇÏ¿© ±¸ÇÏ¿©Áú °ÍÀ̸ç, ±×¸®ÇÏ¿© ÀÌ ¶¥Àº ´ë È«¼ö ÀÌÈÄ¿¡ ÇÑ ¹ø ´õ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ 
»ì°Ô µÉ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â ¿©±â·Î µé¾î¿À´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº µÎ °³ÀÇ ÁÖÁ¦µéÀ» º¾´Ï´Ù: 
±× ù ¹ø°´Â ÇÏ´À´Ô²²¼­´Â ´ç½Å²²¼­ âÁ¶ÇϽŠ¸ðµç °ÍµéÀ» »ç¶ûÇϽðí, ±×¸®°í ±×ºÐÀÇ 
°³ÀÔµéÀº (½ÉÁö¾î ¹úÀÇ ÇüÅ·μ­µµ) Àΰ£ÀÇ ±¸¿øÀ» Ç×»ó ¸ñÇ¥·Î ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ̸ç, 
±×¸®°í ±× µÎ ¹ø°´Â ÀÇ·Î¿î »ç¶÷ÀÌ, ȤÀº ¼º½ÇÇÑ »ç¶÷µé ÁßÀÇ ÀÛÀº ¼öÀÇ »ýÁ¸ÀÚ°¡ ¸ðµç 
ÀηùÀÇ ±¸¿øÀ» °¡Á®´Ù Áشٴ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ±³ºÎµéÀÌ
³ë¾Æ(Noah) ¾È¿¡¼­ ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ Ç¥»ó 
ÇÑ °³
(a figure)¸¦ ¶ÇÇÑ º» °Íµµ ¹Ù·Î ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Àǹ̿¡¼­Àε¥, ÀÌ´Â ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ ¼øÁ¾À» 
ÅëÇÏ¿© ÇÏ´À´ÔÀÇ ÀÚºñ°¡ ¸ðµç Àΰ£¿¡°Ô±îÁö ¹ÌÄ¡±â ¶§¹®ÀÔ´Ï´Ù.  


Jesus recalled this episode of Genesis to warn us that we need to be always vigi-
lant and ready to receive him at his second coming: "As were the days of Noah,
so will be the coming of the Son of man. For as in those days before the flood
they were eating and drinking, marrying and giving in marriage, until the day when
Noah entered the ark, and they did not know until the flood came and swept them
all away, so will be the coming of the Son of man"¡¯ (Mt 24:37-39).

¿¹¼ö´Ô²²¼­´Â ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô ¿ì¸®°¡ Ç×»ó ±ú¾î ÀÖÀ» ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ±×¸®°í ´ç½ÅÀÇ À縲¿¡¼­ 
´ç½ÅÀ» ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀÏ Áغñ°¡ µÇ¾îÀÖ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù°í ÁÖÀǸ¦ Áֽñâ À§ÇÏ¿© â¼¼±âÀÇ ÀÌ ¿¡ÇǼҵ带 
´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ »ó±â½ÃÅ°¼Ì½À´Ï´Ù:
"³ë¾Æ ¶§Ã³·³ »ç¶÷ÀÇ ¾ÆµéÀÇ À縲µµ ±×·¯ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. È«¼ö 
ÀÌÀü ½Ã´ë¿¡ »ç¶÷µéÀº ³ë¾Æ°¡ ¹æÁÖ¿¡ µé¾î°¡´Â ³¯±îÁö ¸Ô°í ¸¶½Ã°í Àå°¡µé°í ½ÃÁý°¡°í 
Çϸ鼭, È«¼ö°¡ ´ÚÃÄ ¸ðµÎ ÈÛ¾µ¾î °¥ ¶§±îÁö ¾Æ¹«°Íµµ ¸ð¸£°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. »ç¶÷ÀÇ ¾ÆµéÀÇ 
À縲µµ ±×·¯ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. " (¸¶Å¿À º¹À½¼­ 24,37-39).


6:9-8:22. The flood happens because man rejected the law of God (this process
began with Adam and Eve). God punishes man¡¯s disobedience by undoing the
order of nature that he himself had established for man¡¯s benefit. Thus, the wa-
ters above and below, which God had wisely separated from the earth (cf. 1:7),
now invade the land in full force (cf. 7:11). The result is a return to chaos, and
mankind is on the point of disappearing. The situation calls for a new beginning
following on a severe purification. The bible is offering us here an impressive
lesson about the destiny of mankind when it turns its back on God and rejects
the laws that are stamped on creation itself.

6,9-8,22. ´ë È«¼ö´Â »ç¶÷ÀÌ ÇÏ´À´ÔÀÇ ¹ýÀ» °ÅºÎÇÏ¿´±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ¹ß»ýÇÕ´Ï´Ù (ÀÌ °úÁ¤Àº 
¾Æ´ã°ú ÇÏ¿Í¿Í ÇÔ²² ½ÃÀÛÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù). ÇÏ´À´Ô²²¼­´Â ´ç½Å ¸ö¼Ò »ç¶÷ÀÇ À¯ÀÍ(benefit)À» 
À§ÇÏ¿© ÀÌ¹Ì ¼³Á¤ÇØ ³õÀ¸¼Ì´ø ÀÚ¿¬ÀÇ Áú¼­¸¦ ¿ø»óÅ·Πµ¹¸²À¸·Î½á »ç¶÷ÀÇ ºÒ¼øÁ¾À» 
¹úÇϽʴϴÙ. ±× °á°ú, ÇÏ´À´Ô²²¼­ ¶¥À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ Çö¸íÇÏ°Ô ºÐ¸®½ÃÄÑ ³õÀ¸¼Ì´ø À§¿Í ¾Æ·¡ÀÇ 
¹°µéÀÌ
(â¼¼±â 1,7À» ÂüÁ¶Ç϶ó), ÀÌÁ¦ ¿ÏÀüÇÑ ÈûÀ¸·Î À°Áö¸¦ ħÀÔÇÕ´Ï´Ù (â¼¼±â 7,11À» 
ÂüÁ¶Ç϶ó). ±× °á°ú´Â È¥µ·(chaos)À¸·ÎÀÇ µÇµ¹¾Æ°¨À̸ç, ±×¸®°í Àηù´Â »ç¶óÁú Áö°æ¿¡ 
ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ »óȲÀº °¡È¤ÇÑ Á¤È­(purification)¿¡ µÚµû¸£´Â »õ·Î¿î ½ÃÀÛÀ» ¿äûÇÕ´Ï´Ù. 
¼º°æÀº ¿©±â¿¡¼­ ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô Àηù°¡ ÇÏ´À´Ô¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© ±× µîÀ» µ¹¸®°í ±×¸®ÇÏ¿© âÁ¶ 
ÀÚü¿¡ °¢ÀεǾî ÀÖ´Â(stamped) ¹ýµéÀ» °ÅºÎÇÒ ¶§¿¡ ÀηùÀÇ ¿î¸í¿¡ °üÇÑ ÀλóÀûÀΠ
±³ÈÆÀ» Á¦°øÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â ÁßÀÔ´Ï´Ù.


In many religions, not only those of the Near East, we can find stories to do with
the destruction of mankind (or a large part of it) in pre-history -- be it by water or
fire or sonic cataclysm. Most of these stories tie in with belief in malevolent gods
and man¡¯s fear of them, or with his sense of a need of purification. For example,
certain Sumerian and Babylonian legends had features very like those in the Bi-
ble account of the flood. But there is a fundamental difference: the Bible depicts
the blood as a consequence of mankind¡¯s sin, and as a new starting point from
which the true God, the Creator of the world and of man, can advance his plans
of salvation through a remnant; from that remnant will later emerge Abraham, the
father of the chosen people.

±Ùµ¿ Áö¿ªÀÇ Á¾±³µé»Ó¸¸ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ¸¹Àº Á¾±³µé¿¡ ÀÖ¾î, ¿ì¸®´Â ¼±»ç ½Ã´ë¿¡ ÀÖ¾î, ¹°
(water) ȤÀº ºÒ(fire) ȤÀº ¼Ò¸®ÀÇ(sonic) ´ëÀç¾Ó(cataclysm)¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ, ÀηùÀÇ (ȤÀº 
ÀηùÀÇ Ä¿´Ù¶õ ºÎºÐÀÇ) Æĸê°ú °ü·ÃÀÌ ÀÖ´Â À̾߱âµéÀ» ¹ß°ßÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ 
À̾߱âµéÀÇ ´ëºÎºÐÀº ¾ÇÀÇÀûÀÎ Àâ½Åµé°ú ±×µé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ »ç¶÷ÀÇ µÎ·Á¿ò¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹ÏÀ½À¸·Î, 
ȤÀº Á¤È­ÀÇ Çʿ伺¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ´À³¦À¸·Î, ¹­¿©Á® ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î, ƯÁ¤ÇÑ 
¼ö¸Þ¸£ÀÎ(Sumerian)µé°ú ¹Ùºô·Î´Ï¾ÆÀÎ(Babylonian)µéÀÇ Àü¼³µéÀº ´ë È«¼ö¿¡ ´ëÇÑ 
¼º°æÀÇ À̾߱âµé°ú ¸Å¿ì ºñ½ÁÇÑ Æ¯Â¡µéÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº 
±Ùº»ÀûÀÎ Â÷ÀÌÁ¡ÀÌ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù:
¼º°æÀº ´ë È«¼ö¸¦ ÀηùÀÇ ÁËÀÇ °á°ú·Î¼­, ±×¸®°í 
°Å±â·ÎºÎÅÍ, ÀÌ ¼¼»óÀÇ ±×¸®°í »ç¶÷ÀÇ Ã¢Á¶ÁÖÀ̽ŠÂü ÇÏ´À´Ô²²¼­ ÇÑ ¸íÀÇ ³²Àº ÀÚ
(a remnant)¸¦ ÅëÇÏ¿© ´ç½ÅÀÇ ±¸¿ø °èȹµéÀ» ÃßÁøÇÏ½Ç ¼ö ÀÖ´Â »õ·Î¿î ½ÃÀÛÁ¡À¸·Î¼­, 
¹¦»çÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ±×¸®°í ¹Ù·Î ÀÌ ³²Àº ÀڷκÎÅÍ ³ªÁß¿¡, ¼±ÅÃµÈ ¹é¼ºÀÇ ¼±Á¶ÀÎ,
 
¾Æºê¶óÇÔ(Abraham)
ÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³¯ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù.

7:4. On the seven days¡¯ downpour St Ambrose, following 1 Peter 3:20, which
speaks of God¡¯s patience at that time, explaining that "the Lord made available
a time for penance, because he prefers pardon to punishment" ("De Noe et arca",
13, 42).

7,4. Ä¥ÀϵéÀÇ ¾ï¼ö¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© ¼º ¾Ïºê·Î½Ã¿À(St. Ambrose)´Â, ¹Ù·Î ±× ½Ã±â¿¡ ÇÏ´À´ÔÀÇ 
Àγ»¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© ¸»ÇÏ´Â,
1º£µå·Î 3,20À» µû¶ó, "ÁÖ´Ô²²¼­´Â ÂüȸÀÇ ½Ã°£À» ÀÔ¼öÇÒ ¼ö 
ÀÖµµ·Ï Çϼ̴µ¥, ¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é ±×ºÐ²²¼­´Â ¹úÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ¿ë¼­ÇÏ´Â(pardon) °ÍÀ» ¼±È£ÇϽñâ 
¶§¹®ÀÔ´Ï´Ù"
¶ó°í ¼³¸íÇÕ´Ï´Ù.


7:5. In contrast with Adam¡¯s disobedience, which was the source of all evil in the
world, Noah followed the Lord¡¯s instructions exactly, even in the smallest details
(cf. 6:22). For his obedience Noah will he exalted as one who put his faith in God
into practice: "By faith Noah, being warned by God of events as yet unseen, took
hold and constructed an ark for the saving of his household; by this he condemned
the world and became an heir of the righteousness which comes by faith" (Heb
11:7).

7,5. ÀÌ ¼¼»óÀÇ ¸ðµç ¾ÇÀÇ ±Ù¿øÀ̾ú´ø ¾Æ´ãÀÇ ºÒ¼øÁ¾°ú´Â ´ëÁ¶ÀûÀ¸·Î, ³ë¾Æ´Â ÁÖ´ÔÀÇ 
Áö½ÃµéÀ», ½ÉÁö¾î ¾ÆÁÖ ÀÛÀº ¼¼ºÎ »çÇ׵鿡 À־µµ, Á¤È®ÇÏ°Ô µû¶ú½À´Ï´Ù
(â¼¼±â 
6,22¸¦ ÂüÁ¶Ç϶ó).
ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¼øÁ¾ ¶§¹®¿¡ ³ë¾Æ´Â ÇÏ´À´Ô¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¹ÏÀ½À» ½Çõ¿¡ 
¿Å±ä Àڷμ­ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ³ôÀÌ µé¾î¿Ã·ÁÁú °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù:
"¹ÏÀ½À¸·Î½á, ³ë¾Æ´Â ¾ÆÁ÷ º¸ÀÌÁö 
¾Ê´Â ÀÏ¿¡ °üÇÏ¿© Áö½Ã¸¦ ¹Þ°í °æ°ÇÇÑ ¸¶À½À¸·Î ¹æÁÖ¸¦ ¸¶·ÃÇÏ¿© ÀÚ±â Áý¾ÈÀ» 
±¸ÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù. ±×´Â ¹ÏÀ½À¸·Î ¼¼»óÀ» ´ÜÁËÇÏ°í, ¹ÏÀ½¿¡ µû¶ó ¹Þ´Â ÀǷοòÀ» »ó¼Ó¹Þ°Ô 
µÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù" (È÷ºê¸® 11,7). 



(II) 1st Reading: James 1:12-18

The Value of Suffering (Continuation)
-----------------------------------------------------
[12] Blessed is the man who endures trial, for when he has stood the test he will
receive the crown of life which God has promised to those who love Him.

The Source of Temptation
-------------------------------------
[13] Let no one say when he is tempted, "I am tempted by God"; for God cannot
be tempted with evil and He Himself tempts no one; [14] but each person is
tempted when he is lured and enticed by his own desire. [15] Then desire when
it has conceived gives birth to sin; and sin when it is full-grown brings forth death.

[16] Do not be deceived, my beloved brethren. [17] Every good endowment and
every perfect gift is from above, coming down from the Father of lights with whom
there is no variation or shadow due to change. [18] Of His own will He brought us
forth by the word of truth that we should be a kind of first fruits of His creatures.

*********************************************************************************************
Commentary:

12. These words, which expand on the idea contained in verses 2-4, echo our
Lord's own words: "Blessed are you when men revile you and persecute you and
utter all kinds of evil against you falsely on My account. Rejoice and be glad, for
your reward is great in Heaven" (Matthew 5:11-12). The simile of the crown -- a
mark of victory and kingship--is used to convey the idea of definitive triumph with
Christ: the Lord will appear crowned in glory (Revelation 14:14); the Woman of
the Apocalypse, symbolizing the Church and the Blessed Virgin, is also des-
cribed as crowned (cf. Revelation 12:1); and this reward is promised to those
who stay true to God in this life (cf. Revelation 2:10; 3:11). It is also to be found
in other New Testament passages to convey the idea of the ultimate reward of
Heaven (cf. 1 Corinthians 9:25; 2 Timothy 4:8; 1 Peter 5:4).

This means that Christians should not be depressed or cowed by the difficulties
which God permits them to experience; on the contrary, they should see them as
a series of tests which with God's help they should surmount in order to receive
the reward of Heaven. "The Lord does not allow His followers to experience these
trials and temptations unless it be for their greater good," St. John of Avila com-
ments. "[...] He disposed things in this way: endurance in adversity and struggle
against temptation prove who His friends are. For the mark of a true friend is not
that he keeps you company when times are good, but that he stands by you in
times of trial [...]. Companions in adversity and later in the Kingdom, you should
strive to fight manfully when you meet opposition that would separate you from
God, for He is your help here on earth and your reward in Heaven" ("Audi, Filia",
29).

13-18. These verses identify the source of the temptations man experiences:
they cannot come from God but are, rather, the effect of human concupiscence
(verses 16-18).

13-18. À̵é Àýµé´Â »ç¶÷ÀÌ °æÇèÇÏ´Â À¯È¤µéÀÇ ¿øõÀ» ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ½Äº°ÇÕ´Ï´Ù: ±×µéÀº 
ÇÏ´À´ÔÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ¿Ã ¼ö ¾ø°í, ¿ÀÈ÷·Á, Àΰ£ÀÇ
»ç¿åÆíÁ¤(Þçé¯ø¶ï×, concupiscence)(*)ÀÇ 
°á°ú·ÎºÎÅÍ ÀÔ´Ï´Ù (Á¦16-18Àýµé).

-----
(*) ¹ø¿ªÀÚ ÁÖ: ÇöÀç±îÁö ±¹³»ÀÇ °¡Å縯°è¿¡¼­ »ç¿ëÁßÀÎ, ¿µ¾î·Î "concupiscence"·Î 
¹ø¿ªµÇ´Â ¶óƾ¾î ´Ü¾î "concupiscentia"ÀÇ ¹ø¿ª ¿ë¾îÀÎ "Þ÷é¯ø¶ï×"Àº ´ë´ÜÈ÷ ½É°¢ÇÑ 
¹ø¿ª ¿À·ù
ÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿©¼­´Â ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ Ŭ¸¯ÇÑ ÈÄ¿¡, Á¦2-2-4Ç×°ú 
Á¦2-2-5Ç×
À» ¹Ýµå½Ã Çʵ¶Ç϶ó:
http://ch.catholic.or.kr/pundang/4/soh/1295.htm <----- Çʵ¶ ±Ç°í
-----


Sometimes temptation means putting a person's faithfulness to the test; in this
sense it can be said that God "tempts" certain people, as happened in the case
of Abraham (cf. Genesis 22:1 ff). However, here the reference is to temptation in
the strict sense of incitement to sin: God never tempts anyone in this way, He
never encourages a person to do evil (cf. Sirach 15:11-20). Therefore, we cannot
attribute to God our inclination to sin, nor can it be argued that by endowing us
with freedom He is the cause of our sin. On the contrary, the natural and super-
natural gifts we have received are resources which help us act in a morally good
way.

¶§·Î´Â À¯È¤(temptation)Àº ÇÑ ÀΰÝÀÇ ½Å·Ú/Ãæ½Ç(faithfulness)À» ½ÃÇèÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ¶æÇϸç, 
±×¸®°í ¹Ù·Î ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Àǹ̷Î,
¾Æºê¶óÇÔ(Abraham)ÀÇ °æ¿ì¿¡ ¹ß»ýÇÏ¿´µíÀÌ (â¼¼±â 22,1¹× 
À̾îÁö´Â ¸î °»ÀÇ ÀýµéÀ» ÂüÁ¶Ç϶ó), ÇÏ´À´Ô²²¼­ ƯÁ¤ÇÑ »ç¶÷µéÀ» "½ÃÇèÇϽŴÙ(tempts)"°í 
¸»ÇØÁú ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯³ª, ¿©±â¼­ ±× ¾ð±ÞÀº ÁËÀÇ À¯ÀÎ(ë¯ìÚ, incitement)À̶ó´Â ¾ö¹ÐÇÑ 
ÀÇ¹Ì ¿¡ ÀÖ¾î À¯È¤¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù: ÇÏ´À´Ô²²¼­´Â ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¹æ½ÄÀ¸·Î ¾Æ¹«µµ ½ÃÇèÇÏÁö 
¾ÊÀ¸½Ã¸ç, ÇÏ´À´Ô²²¼­´Â ÇÑ ÀΰÝÀÌ ¾ÇÀ» ÇàÇϵµ·Ï °Ý·ÁÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸½Ê´Ï´Ù
(Áýȸ 15,11-20 
ÂüÁ¶)
. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î, ¿ì¸®°¡ ÇÏ´À´Ô²² ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ÁË·Î ±â¿ï¾îÁö´Â °æÇâ(inclination)À» ±Í¼Ó½Ãų ¼ö 
¾øÀ¸¸ç, ±×¸®°í ¿ì¸®µé¿¡°Ô ÀÚÀ¯¸¦ ¼ö¿©ÇϽÉÀ¸·Î½á ´ç½Å²²¼­ ¿ì¸®µéÀÇ ÁËÀÇ ¿øÀÎÀ̶ó°í 
ÁÖÀåµÉ ¼ö ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù. ±×¿Í´Â ¹Ý´ë·Î, ¿ì¸®°¡ ÀÌ¹Ì ¹ÞÀº ÀÚ¿¬Àû ¹× ÃÊÀÚ¿¬Àû ¼±¹°µéÀº 
¾î¶² À±¸®ÀûÀ¸·Î ¼±ÇÑ ¹æ½Ä(a morally good way)À¸·Î ¿ì¸®°¡ ÇൿÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» µµ¿ÍÁִ 
ÀÚ¿ø(resources)µéÀÔ´Ï´Ù.


14-15. St. James' teaching is that the source of temptation is to be found in our
own passions. Elsewhere he says that the world (cf. 1:27; 4:4) and the devil (4:7)
are causes of temptations; but to actually commit sin the complicity of one's own
evil inclinations is always necessary.

14-15. À¯È¤ÀÇ ¿øõ(source)ÀÌ ¿ì¸®µé °íÀ¯ÀÇ Á¤(ï×, passions)µé ¾È¿¡¼­ ¹ß°ßµÈ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ 
¹Ù·Î
¼º ¾ß°íº¸(St. James)ÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ´Ù¸¥ Àå¼Ò¿¡¼­ ±×´Â ¼¼»ó(the world) (¾ß°íº¸ 
1,27; 4,4 ÂüÁ¶) ±×¸®°í ¾Ç¸¶(the devil)(¾ß°íº¸ 4,7)°¡ À¯È¤µéÀÇ ¿øÀÎÀ̶ó°í ¸»Çϳª, ±×·¯³ª 
Çö½ÇÅÂÀûÀ¸·Î(actually) Á˸¦ ¹üÇÏ´Â µ¥¿¡´Â ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ °íÀ¯ÇÑ ¾ÇÇÑ °æÇâ(evil inclinations)µéÀÇ 
°³ÀÔ/¿¬·ç(complicity)°¡ Ç×»ó ÇÊ¿äÇÕ´Ï´Ù(always necessary).


Concupiscence ("desire"), here as elsewhere in the New Testament (cf., e.g., Ro-
mans 1:24; 7:7 ff; 1 John 2:16), means all the disordered passions and appetites
which, as a result of original sin, have a place in men's hearts. Concupiscence
as such is not a sin; but rather, according to the Council of Trent, "since it is left
to provide a trial, it has no power to injure those who do not consent and who, by
the grace of Jesus Christ, manfully resist"; and if it is sometimes called sin (cf.
Romans 6:12 ff) it is "only because it is from sin and inclines to sin" ("De Pecca-
to Originali", 5).

½Å¾à ¼º°æ¿¡ ÀÖ¾î ´Ù¸¥ Àå¼Ò¿¡¼­Ã³·³(¿¹¸¦ µé¾î, ·Î¸¶ 1,24; 7,7 ¹× À̾îÁö´Â ¸î 
°³ÀÇ Àýµé; 1 ¿äÇÑ 2,16)
¿©±â¼­, »ç¿åÆíÁ¤(Þçé¯ø¶ï×, concupiscence)["¿å¸Á
(desire)"
]Àº Áú¼­°¡ °áÇ̵È(disordered) Á¤(ï×, passions)µé ¹× ¿å±¸(appetites)µé 
¸ðµÎ°¡, ¿øÁË(original sin)ÀÇ °á°ú·Î¼­,
»ç¶÷µéÀÇ ½ÉÀå(men's hearts)µé ¾È¿¡ ÇÑ ÀÚ¸®¸¦ 
°¡Áö°í ÀÖÀ½À» ÀǹÌÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯ÇÑ °ÍÀ¸·Î¼­
»ç¿åÆíÁ¤(Þçé¯ø¶ï×, concupiscence)Àº 
¾î¶² ÁË(a sin)°¡ ¾Æ´Ï°í, ±×º¸´Ù´Â ¿ÀÈ÷·Á,
Æ®¸®¿£Æ® °øÀÇȸ(the Council of Trent)¿¡ 
µû¸£¸é,
"±×°ÍÀÌ ¾î¶² ½ÃÇè(a trial)À» ¹Ì¸® ÁغñÇϵµ·Ï(provide) ³²°ÜÁ® Àֱ⠶§¹®¿¡, 
±×°ÍÀÌ µ¿ÀÇÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â ÀÚµé°ú, ¿¹¼ö ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ ÀºÃÑ(grace)(*)¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿©, ³²ÀÚ´ä°Ô 
ÀúÇ×ÇÏ´Â ÀÚµéÀ» ÇØÄ¡´Â ÈûÀ» ÀüÇô °¡Áö°í ÀÖÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸ç", ±×¸®ÇÏ¿© ¸¸¾à¿¡ ±×°ÍÀÌ °¡²û 
Á˶ó°í ºÒ¸°´Ù¸é
(·Î¸¶ 6,12 ¹× À̾îÁö´Â ¸î °³ÀÇ Àýµé) ±×°ÍÀº "¿À·ÎÁö ±×°ÍÀÌ 
Á˷κÎÅÍ ¿À°í ±×¸®°í ÁË·Î ±â¿ï¾îÁö±â ¶§¹®ÀÔ´Ï´Ù" [Æ®¸®¿£Æ® °øÀÇȸ(the Council of 
Trent), "De Peccato Originali", 5]. 

-----
(*) ¹ø¿ªÀÚ ÁÖ: µÎ °¡Áö Á¾·ùµéÀÇ ÇÏ´À´ÔÀÇ µµ¿ì½Éµé ÁßÀÇ ÇϳªÀÎ ÀºÃÑ(grace)ÀÇ 
Á¤ÀÇ(definition)´Â ´ÙÀ½¿¡ ÀÖÀ¸´Ï ²À Àеµ·Ï Ç϶ó:
http://ch.catholic.or.kr/pundang/4/soh/1555.htm 
-----


Using the simile of generation St. James describes the course of sin from the
stage of temptation to that of the death of the soul. When one gives in to the
seduction of concupiscence sin is committed; this in turn leads to spiritual
death, to the soul's losing the life of grace. This is the opposite process to the
one described earlier (cf. verses 2-12), which begins with trials (temptations in
the broad sense: cf. note on 1:2-4) and ends up in Heaven; whereas in this pas-
sage, the process also begins with temptation but because of sin ends up with
the death of the soul. John Paul II describes the process as follows: "Man also
knows, through painful experience, that by a conscious and free act of the will
he can change course and go in a direction opposed to God's will, separating
himself from God ("aversio a Deo"), rejecting loving communion with Him, de-
taching himself from the life-principle which God is, and consequently choosing
"death" ("Reconciliatio Et Paenitentia", 17).

»ý¼º(generation)À̶ó´Â Á÷À¯ Ç¥Çö(simile)À» »ç¿ëÇϸ鼭 ¼º ¾ß°íº¸(St. James)´Â 
À¯È¤ÀÇ ´Ü°è·ÎºÎÅÍ ¿µÈ¥ÀÇ Á×À½ÀÇ ´Ü°è±îÁö ÁËÀÇ Çà·Î(course of sin)À» ¼­¼úÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
 
¾î¶² ÀÚ°¡ »ç¿åÆíÁ¤(Þçé¯ø¶ï×, concupiscence)ÀÇ ¸Å·Â(seduction)¿¡ ±¼º¹ÇÒ ¶§¿¡ 
Á˸¦ ¹üÇÏ°Ô µÇ¸ç, ±×¸®°í ÀÌ°ÍÀº À̹ø¿¡´Â(in turn) ¿µÀÇ Á×À½(spiritual death)À¸·Î, 
¿µÈ¥ÀÌ ÀºÃÑÀÇ »ý¸íÀ» »ó½ÇÇÔÀ¸·Î, À̸£°Ô ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº, ½ÃÇè(trials)µé[³ÐÀº Àǹ̿¡ 
ÀÖ¾î À¯È¤(temptations)µé]°ú ÇÔ²² ½ÃÀÛÇÏ°í ±×¸®°í ÇÏ´Ã(Heaven)¿¡¼­ ¸¶Ä§³» ³¡³ª´Â, 
±×·¯³ª ÀÌ¿Í´Â ´Þ¸® ¹Ù·Î ÀÌ ´Ü¶ô¿¡¼­, ±× °úÁ¤Àº ¶ÇÇÑ À¯È¤°ú ÇÔ²² ½ÃÀÛÇϳª ±×·¯³ª 
ÁË ¶§¹®¿¡ ¿µÈ¥À¸ Á×À½°ú ÇÔ²² ¸¶Ä§³» ³¡³ª´Â, ´õ ÀÏÂï ¼­¼úµÇ¾ú´ø
(Á¦2-12Àý ÂüÁ¶) 
°úÁ¤¿¡ »ó¹ÝµÇ´Â °úÁ¤ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¿äÇÑ ¹Ù¿À·Î 2¼¼²²¼­´Â ÀÌ °úÁ¤À» ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ 
¼­¼úÇϽʴϴÙ:
"»ç¶÷(nan)Àº ¶ÇÇÑ, °íÅ뽺·¯¿î °æÇèÀ» ÅëÇÏ¿©, ÀÇÁö(the will)ÀÇ ¾î¶² 
ÀǽÄÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â ±×¸®°í ÀÚÀ¯·Î¿î ÇàÀ§(act)¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ Çà·Î(course)¸¦ º¯°æ½ÃÅ°°í 
±×¸®ÇÏ¿©, ÀÚ±â ÀÚ½ÅÀ» ÇÏ´À´ÔÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ºÐ¸®½ÃÅ°´Â("aversio a Deo"), ±×ºÐ°úÀÇ ¾ÖÁ¤ 
ÀÖ´Â Åë°ø(loving communion, Çϳª µÊ)À» °ÅºÎÇÏ´Â, ÇÏ´À´ÔÀ̶ó´Â »ý¸í-¿ø¸®
(life-principle)·ÎºÎÅÍ ÀÚ±â ÀÚ½ÅÀ» ¶¼¾î³»´Â, ±×¸®ÇÏ¿© °á°úÀûÀ¸·Î "Á×À½"À» ¼±ÅÃÇÏ´Â, 
ÇÏ´À´ÔÀÇ ÀÇÁö¿¡ »ó¹ÝµÇ´Â ¾î¶² ¹æÇâ ÂÊÀ¸·Î °¥ ¼ö ÀÖÀ½À» ¾Ë°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù" [¿äÇÑ 
¹Ù¿À·Î 2¼¼(John Paul II), "Reconciliatio Et Paenitentia", 17].


16-18. "The Father of lights": a reference to God as Creator of the heavenly bo-
dies (cf. Genesis 1:14 ff; Psalm 136:7-9) and, in the symbolism of light, as the
source of all good things, material and, especially, spiritual. Unlike heavenly bo-
dies, which change position and cast shadows, there is no variation or shadow
in God: no evil can be attributed to Him (cf. verse 13), but only good things.

"First fruits of His creatures": Christians, who have been recreated by God by
"the word of truth" (the Gospel) already constitute the beginning of the New
Heaven and the New Earth (cf. Revelation 21:1) and are a sign of hope for all
mankind and for the whole of Creation (cf. Romans 9:19-23).


Gospel Reading: Mark 8:14-21

The Leaven of the Pharisees (Continuation)
--------------------------------------------------------------
[14] Now they had forgotten to bring bread; and they had only one loaf with them
in the boat. [15] And He (Jesus) cautioned them, saying, "Take heed, beware of
the leaven of the Pharisees and the leaven of Herod." [16] And they discussed it
with one another, saying, "We have no bread." [17] And being aware of it, Jesus

said to them, "Why do you discuss the fact that you have no bread? Do you not
yet perceive or understand? Are your hearts hardened? [18] Having eyes do
you not see, and having ears do you not hear? And do you not remember? [19]
When I broke the five loaves for the five thousand, how many baskets full of bro-
ken pieces did you take up?" They said to Him, "Twelve." [20] And the seven
for the four thousand, how many baskets full of broken pieces did you take up?"
And they said to Him, "Seven." [21] And He said to them, "Do you not yet
understand?"

*********************************************************************************************
Commentary:

15-16. In another Gospel passage--Luke 13:20-21 and Matthew 31:33--Jesus
uses the simile of the leaven to show the vitality of His teaching. Here "leaven"
is used in the sense of bad disposition. In the making of bread, leaven is what
causes the dough to rise; the Pharisees' hypocrisy and Herod's dissolute life,
stemming from their personal ambition, were the "leaven" which was poisoning
from within the "dough" of Israel and which would eventually corrupt it. Jesus
seeks to warn His disciples about these dangers, and to have them understand
that if they are to take in His doctrine they need a pure and simple heart.

But the disciples fail to understand: "They weren't educated; they weren't very
bright, if we judge from their reaction to supernatural things. Finding even the
most elementary examples and comparisons beyond their reach, they would
turn to the Master and ask: `Explain the parable to us.' When Jesus uses the
image of the `leaven' of the Pharisees, they think that He's reproaching them for
not having purchased bread....These were the disciples called by our Lord. Such
stuff is what Christ chose. And they remain just like that until theyare filled with
the Holy Spirit and thus become pillars of the Church. They are ordinary people,
full of defects and shortcomings, more eager to say than to do. Nevertheless,
Jesus calls them to be fishers of men, co-redeemers, dispensers of the grace
of God" ([St] J. Escriva, "Christ Is Passing By", 2). The same thing can happen
to us. Although we may not be very gifted, the Lord calls us, and love of God
and docility to His words will cause to grow in our souls unsuspected fruit of\
holiness and supernatural effectiveness.
¡¡

*********************************************************************************************
Source: "The Navarre Bible: Text and Commentaries". Biblical text from the
Revised Standard Version and New Vulgate. Commentaries by members of
the Faculty of Theology, University of Navarre, Spain.

Published by Four Courts Press, Kill Lane, Blackrock, Co. Dublin, Ireland, and
by Scepter Publishers in the United States. We encourage readers to purchase
The Navarre Bible for personal study. See Scepter Publishers for details.

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Çã¶ôÇÏÁö ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù.]