Monday
8th Week of Ordinary Time
(I) 1st Reading: Sirach 17:24-27, 29
The divine judge. A call to repentance (continued)
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[24] Yet to those who repent he grants a return,
and he encourages those whose endurance is failing.
[25] Turn to the Lord and forsake your sins;
pray in his presence and lessen your offenses.
[26] Return to the Most High and turn away from iniquity,
and hate abominations intensely.
[27] Who will sing praises to the Most High in Hades,
as do those who are alive and give thanks?
[29] How great is the mercy of the Lord,
and his forgiveness for those who turn to him!
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Commentary:
None available.
(II) 1st Reading: 1 Peter 1:3-9
Praise and Thanksgiving to God
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[3] Blessed be the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ! By his great mercy
we have been born anew to a living hope through the resurrection of Jesus Christ
from the dead, [4] and to an inheritance which is imperishable, undefiled, and un-
fading, kept in heaven for you, [5] who by God's power are guarded through faith
for a salvation ready to be revealed in the last time. [6] In this you rejoice, though
now for a little while you may have to suffer various trials, [7] so that the genuine-
ness of your faith, more precious than gold which though perishable is tested by
fire, may redound to praise and glory and honor at the revelation of Jesus Christ.
[8] Without having seen him you love him; though you do not now see him you
believe in him and rejoice with unutterable and exalted joy. [9] As the outcome
of your faith you obtain the salvation of your souls.
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Commentary:
3-12. This passage, a hymn of praise and gratitude to God, developing what is
proclaimed in v. 2, is more explicit about the action of each Person of the Bles-
sed Trinity: by making his choice of Christians, God the Father has destined
us to a marvellous heritage in heaven (vv. 3-5); to attain this we need to love and
believe in Jesus Christ our Lord (vv. 6-9); the Holy Spirit, who earlier proclaimed
salvation by the mouth of the Old Testament prophets, is now, through those
who preach the Gospel, announcing that salvation has arrived (vv. 10-12).
3-5. When the fruits of the Redemption are applied to us, a kind of rebirth takes
place. St Peter is the only New Testament writer to use the Greek term transla-
ted here "we have been born anew" (cf. also 1:23). However, the same idea oc-
curs elsewhere: St John speaks of the action of the Holy Spirit at Baptism as
causing one to be born again (cf. Jn 3:1ff; also, e.g., 1:12-13; 1 Jn 2:29; 3:9); St
Paul refers to "a new creation" to describe the effects of Redemption (cf., e.g.,
Gal 6:15; 2 Cor 5:17); and St James calls Christians the "first fruits of his crea-
tures"(Jas 1:16-18).
Through this being born again, God destines us "to a living hope", which centers
on the inheritance of heaven, here described as "imperishable" (it is eternal), "un-
defiled" (it contains no evil) and "unfading" (it will never grow o Id). The sacred wri-
ter uses these adjectives of negation to show that heavenly things are not subject
to any of the imperfections and defects of earthly things.
For those Christians who stay true to their calling, their inheritance is "kept in
heaven". This key theme will be addressed in various parts of the letter (cf. 2:18-
25; 3:13-17; 4:12-19; 5:5-11); the letter is very much aimed at encouraging the
faithful to bear sufferings with joy, knowing that they are a means to and a gua-
rantee of heaven.
3. God brought about the work of Redemption "by his great mercy". For God,
who is rich in mercy, out of the great love with which he loved us, even when we
were dead through our trespasses, made us alive together with Christ" (Eph 2:
4-5). And just as the work of Creation is a manifestation of God's omnipotence,
so his new Creation is an expression of his mercy (cf. "Summa Theologiae", II-II,
q. 30, a. 4; cf. note on 2 Cor 5:17).
"Through the resurrection of Jesus Christ from the dead": the resurrection of our
Lord marks the climax of his salvific work, for it assures men of their redemption
and their own resurrection. In its Easter liturgy the Church joyfully reminds of this:
"He is the true Lamb who took away the sins of the world. By dying he destroyed
our death; by rising he restored our life" ("Easter Preface", I).
6-9. Hope of obtaining the inheritance of heaven gives Christians joy in the midst
of trials which test their faith. At the center of that faith is Jesus, whom they strive
to love above all, thereby attaining "unutterable and exalted joy", a foretaste of
the joy of heaven itself.
Exhortations to be joyful in the midst of affliction occur often in the New Testa-
ment (cf., e.g., Mt 5:11-12; 2 Cor 1:3-7; Jas 1:2) and reflect a deep Christian con-
viction, which St. Bede refers to in his commentary: "St Peter says that it is good
to suffer trials because eternal joys cannot be obtained except through the afflic-
tions and sorrows of this passing world. 'For a little while', he says, however, be-
cause when one receives an eternal reward, the afflictions of this world -- which
appeared so heavy and bitter--seem then to have been very short-lived and slight"
("Super 1 Pet. Expositio, ad loc.").
Christian joy is the fruit of faith, hope and love. "You should realize that God
wants us to be happy and that, if you do all you can, you will be happy, very, very
happy, although you will never be a moment without the Cross. But that Cross is
no longer a gallows. It is the throne from which Christ reigns" (St. J. Escriva,
"Friends of God", 141).
7. The refining of gold by fire is often referred to in Scripture (cf., e.g., Ps 66:10;
Prov 17:3; 1 Cor 3:12-13; Rev 3:18) to explain that the sufferings of this life help
to improve the quality of one's faith. "If I experience pain," St Augustine teaches,
"relief will come in due course. If I am offered tribulation, it will serve for my puri-
fication. Does gold shine in the craftsman's furnace? It will shine later, when it
forms part of the collar, when it is part of the jewelry. But, for the time being, it
puts up with being in the fire because when it sheds its impurities it will acquire
its brilliant shine" ("Enarrationes in Psalmos", 61, 11).
The thought of Christ coming in glory (cf. 1:5-13; 4:13) should greatly encourage
the Christian to bear trials cheerfully.
Gospel Reading: Mark 10:17-27
The Rich Young Man
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[17] And as He (Jesus) was setting out on His journey, a man ran up and knelt
before Him, and asked Him, "Good Teacher, what must I do to inherit eternal life?"
[18] And Jesus said to him, "Why do you call Me good? No one is good but God
alone. [19] You know the commandments: 'Do not kill, Do not commit adultery,
Do not steal, Do not bear false witness, Do not defraud, Honor your father and
mother.'" [20] And he said to Him, "Teacher, all these I have observed from my
youth." [21] And Jesus looking upon him loved him, and said to him, "You lack
one thing; go, sell what you have, and give to the poor, and you will have treasure
in Heaven; and come, follow Me." [22] At that saying his countenance fell, and
he went away sorrowful; for he had great possessions.
Poverty and Renunciation
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[23] And Jesus looked around and said to His disciples, "How hard it will be for
those who have riches to enter the Kingdom of God!" [24] And the disciples were
amazed at His words. But Jesus said to them again, "Children, how hard it is for
those who trust in riches to enter the Kingdom of God!" [25] It is easier for a ca-
mel to go through the eye of a needle than for a rich man to enter the Kingdom
of God." [26] And they were exceedingly astonished, and said to Him, "Then who
can be saved?" [27] Jesus looked at them and said, "With men it is impossible,
but not with God; for all things are possible with God."
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Commentary:
17-18. As Matthew 19:16 makes clear, the young man approaches Jesus as an
acknowledged teacher of the spiritual life, in the hope that He will guide him to-
wards eternal life. It is not that Christ rejects the praise He is offered: He wants
to show the depth of the young man's words: He is good, not because He is a
good man but because He is God, who is Goodness Itself. So, the young man
has spoken the truth, but he has not gone far enough. Hence the enigmatic na-
ture of Jesus' reply and its profundity. The young man's approach is upright but
too human; Jesus tries to get him to see things from an entirely supernatural
point of view. If this man is to really attain eternal life he must see in Christ not
just a good master but the divine Savior, the only Master, the only one who, be-
cause He is God, is Goodness Itself. Cf. note on Mt. 19:16-22. 19. Our Lord
has not come to abolish the Law but to fulfill it (Matthew 5:17). The command-
ments are the very core of the Law and keeping them is necessary for attaining
eternal life. Christ brings these commandments to fulfillment in a double sense.
First, because He helps us discover their full implications for our lives. The light
of Revelation makes it easy for us to grasp the correct meaning of the precepts
of the Decalogue--something that human reason, on its own, can only achieve
with difficulty. Second, His grace gives us strength to counter our evil inclina-
tions, which stem from Original Sin. The commandments, therefore, still apply
in the Christian life: they are like signposts indicating the way that leads to
Heaven.
21-22. Our Lord knows that this young man has a generous heart. This is why
He treats him so affectionately and invites him to greater intimacy with God. But
He explains that this means renunciation--leaving his wealth behind so as to give
his heart whole and entire to Jesus. God calls everyone to holiness, but holiness
is reached by many different routes. It is up to every individual to take the neces-
sary steps to discover which route God wants him to follow. The Lord sows the
seed of vocation in everyone's soul, to show him the way to go to reach the goal
of holiness, which is common to all.
In other words, if a person does not put obstacles in the way, if he responds ge-
nerously to God, he feels a desire to be better, to give himself more generously.
As fruit of this desire he seeks to know God's will; he prays to God to help him,
and asks people to advise him. In responding to this sincere search, God uses
a great variety of instruments. Later, when a person thinks he sees the way God
wants him to follow, he may still not take the decision to go that way: he is afraid
of the renunciation it involves: at this point he should pray and deny himself if the
light--God's invitation--is to win out against human calculation. For, although God
is calling, man is always free, and therefore, he can respond generously or be a
coward, like the young man we are told about in this passage. Failure to respond
generously to one's vocation always produces sadness.
21. "In its precise eloquence", John Paul II points out, commenting on this pas-
sage, "this deeply penetrating event expresses a great lesson in a few words: it
touches upon substantial problems and basic questions that have in no way lost
their relevance. Everywhere young people are asking important questions -- ques-
tions on the meaning of life, on the right way to live, on the scale of values: 'What
must I do...?' 'What must I do to share in everlasting life?'...To each of you I say
therefore: heed the call of Christ when you hear him saying to you: 'Follow Me!'
Walk in My path! Stand by My side! Remain in My love! There is a choice to be
made: a choice for Christ and His way of life, and His commandment of love.
"The message of love that Christ brought is always important, always relevant. It
is not difficult to see how today's world, despite its beauty and grandeur, despite
the conquests of science and technology, despite the refined and abundant ma-
terial goods that it offers, is yearning for more truth, for more love, for more joy.
And all of this is found in Christ and in His way of life.... Faced with problems and
disappointments, many people will try to escape from their responsibility: escape
in selfishness, escape in sexual pleasure, escape in drugs, escape in violence,
escape in indifference and cynical attitudes. But today, I propose to you the op-
tion of love, which is the opposite of escape. If you really accept that love from
Christ, it will lead you to God. Perhaps in the priesthood or religious life; perhaps
in some special service to your brothers and sisters: especially to the needy, the
poor, the lonely, the abandoned, those whose rights have been trampled upon, or
those whose basic needs have not been provided for. Whatever you make of
your life, let it be something that reflects the love of Christ" ("Homily on Boston
Common").
22. "The sadness of the young man makes us reflect. We could be tempted to
think that many possessions, many of the goods of this world, can bring happi-
ness. We see instead in the case of the young man in the Gospel that his many
possessions had become an obstacle to accepting the call of Jesus to follow
Him. He was not ready to say "yes" to Jesus and "no" to self, to say "yes" to
love and "no" to escape. Real love is demanding. I would fail in my mission if I
did not clearly tell you so. For it was Jesus--Jesus Himself--who said: 'You are
My friends if you do what I command you' (John 15:14). Love demands effort and
a personal commitment to the will of God. It means discipline and sacrifice, but
it also means joy and human fulfillment.
"Dear young people: do not be afraid of honest effort and work; do not be afraid
of the truth. With Christ's help, and through prayer, you can answer His call, re-
sisting temptations and fads, and every form of mass manipulation. Open your
hearts to the Christ of the Gospels--to His love and His truth and His joy. Do not
go away sad!...
"Follow Christ! You who are single or who are preparing for marriage. Follow
Christ! You who are young or old. Follow Christ! You who are sick or aging; who
are suffering or in pain. You who feel the need for healing, the need for love, the
need for a friend--follow Christ!
"To all of you I extend--in the name of Christ--the call, the invitation, the plea:
'Come and follow Me'" (John Paul II, "Homily on Boston Common").
23-27. The reaction of the rich young man gives our Lord another opportunity to
say something about the way to use material things. In themselves they are good:
they are resources God has made available to people for their development in so-
ciety. But excessive attachment to things is what makes them an occasion of sin.
The sin lies in "trusting" in them, as if they solve all life's problems, and turning
one's back on God. St. Paul calls covetousness idolatry (Colossians 3:5). Christ
excludes from the Kingdom of God anyone who becomes so attached to riches
that his life is centered around them. Or, more accurately, that person excludes
himself.
Possessions can seduce both those who already have them and those who are
bent on acquiring them. Therefore, there are--paradoxically--poor people who are
really rich, and rich people who are really poor. Since absolutely everyone has
an inclination to be attached to material things, the disciples see salvation as
an impossible goal: "Then who can be saved?" No one, if we rely on human re-
sources. But God's grace makes everything possible. Cf. note on Matthew 6:11.
Also, not putting our trust in riches means that everyone who does have wealth
should use it to help the needy. This "demands great generosity, much sacrifice
and unceasing effort on the part of the rich man. Let each one examine his con-
science, a conscience that conveys a new message for our times. Is he prepared
to support out of his own pocket works and undertakings organized in favor of the
most destitute? Is he ready to pay higher taxes so that the public authorities can
intensify their efforts in favor of development?" (Paul VI, "Populorum Progressio",
47).
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Source: "The Navarre Bible: Text and Commentaries". Biblical text from the
Revised Standard Version and New Vulgate. Commentaries by members of
the Faculty of Theology, University of Navarre, Spain.
Published by Four Courts Press, Kill Lane, Blackrock, Co. Dublin, Ireland, and
by Scepter Publishers in the United States. We encourage readers to purchase
The Navarre Bible for personal study. See Scepter Publishers for details.
[참고: 이 파일은 저서명 "가톨릭 교회의 말씀 전례에 따른 성경공부 해설서"(엮은이: 소순태, 출판사: 가톨릭출판사)의 각주의 연장으로 마련되었습니다].