Solemnity: Immaculate Conception of Mary (December 8)

1st Reading: Genesis 3:9-15, 20

Temptation and the First Sin (Continuation)
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[9] But the Lord God called to the man, and said to him, "Where are you?"
[10] And he said, "I heard the sound of thee in the garden, and I was afraid,
because I was naked; and I hid myself." [11] He said, "Who told you that you
were naked? Have you eaten of the tree which I commanded you not to eat?"
[12] The man said, "The woman whom thou gavest to be with me, she gave
me fruit of the tree, and I ate." [13] Then the Lord God said to the woman,
"What is this that you have done?" The woman said, "The serpent beguiled
me, and I ate." [14] The Lord said to the serpent, "Because you have done
this, cursed are you above all cattle, and above all wild animals; upon your
belly you shall go, and dust you shall eat all the days of your life. [15] I will
put enmity between you and the woman, and between your seed and her
seed; he shall bruise your head, and you shall bruise his heel."

[20] The man called his wife's name Eve, because she was the mother of
all living.

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Commentary:

3:7-13. This passage begins the description of the effects of the original sin. Man
and woman have come to know evil, and it shows, initially, in a most direct way--
in their own bodies. The inner harmony described in Genesis 2:25 is broken, and
concupiscence rears its head. Their friendship with God is also broken, and they
flee from his presence, to avoid their nakedness being seen. As if his Creator
could not see them! The harmony between man and woman is also fractured: he
puts the blame on her, and she puts it on the serpent. But all three share in the
responsibility, and therefore all three are going to pay the penalty.

3,7-13. ÀÌ ±¸ÀýÀº ¿øÁË(the original sin)ÀÇ °á°úµé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¼­¼úÀ» ½ÃÀÛÇÕ´Ï´Ù. »ç¶÷°ú 
¿©ÀÚ´Â ¾ÇÀ» ¾Ë°Ô µÇ¾úÀ¸¸ç, ±×¸®ÇÏ¿© ±×°ÍÀº, óÀ½¿¡, ±×µé °íÀ¯ÀÇ ¸öµé¿¡¼­, °¡Àå 
Á÷Á¢ÀûÀÎ ¹æ½ÄÀ¸·Î ³ªÅ¸³³´Ï´Ù.
â¼¼±â 2,25¿¡ ¼­¼úµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â ³»¸éÀû Á¶È­´Â ±ú¶ß·ÁÁö¸ç, 
±×¸®ÇÏ¿©
»ç¿åÆíÁ¤(concupiscence)Àº ±× °í°³¸¦ Ãĵì´Ï´Ù. ±×µéÀÇ ÇÏ´À´Ô°úÀÇ °ü°èµµ 
¶ÇÇÑ ±ú¶ß·ÁÁö¸ç, ±×¸®ÇÏ¿© ±×µéÀº, ÀڽŵéÀÇ ¹ú°Å¹ùÀº »óÅ°¡ º¸¿©Áö´Â °ÍÀ» ÇÇÇϱâ 
À§ÇÏ¿©, ´ç½ÅÀÇ ÇöÁ¸À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ µµ¸ÁĨ´Ï´Ù. ¸¶Ä¡ ´ç½Å âÁ¶ÁÖ²²¼­ ±×µéÀ» º¼ ¼ö ¾ø¾ú´ø °Í 
ó·³! »ç¶÷°ú ¿©ÀÚ »çÀÌÀÇ Á¶È­µµ ¶ÇÇÑ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ºÎ·¯Áý´Ï´Ù: ±×´Â ±×³à¿¡°Ô Ã¥ÀÓ
(the blame)À» ¾º¿ì¸ç, ±×¸®°í ±×³à´Â ±×°ÍÀ» ¹ì¿¡°Ô ¾º¿ó´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¼Â ¸ðµÎ ÀÌ Ã¥ÀÓ
(the responsibility)¿¡ ÇÔ²² Çϸç, ±×¸®ÇÏ¿© ±× °á°ú ¼Â ¸ðµÎ´Â ±× ´ë°¡¸¦ Ä¡¸£°Ô µÉ 
°ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù.


"The harmony in which they found themselves, thanks to original justice, is now
destroyed: the control of the soul's spiritual faculties over the body is shattered;
the union of man and woman becomes subject to tensions (cf. Gen 3:7-16), their
relations henceforth marked by lust and domination. Harmony with creation is
broken: visible creation has become alien and hostile to man (cf. Gen 3:17, 19).
Because of man, creation is now subject 'to its bondage to decay' (Rom 8:21).
Finally, the consequence explicitly foretold for this disobedience will come true:
man will 'return to the ground' (Gen 3:19), for out of it he was taken. "Death
makes its entrance into human history" (cf. Rom 5:12)" ("Catechism of the Ca-
tholic Church", 400).

"¿ø ÀǷοò(original justice)ÀÇ ´öÅÃÀ¸·Î, ±× ¾È¿¡¼­ ±×µéÀÌ ÀÚ±â ÀڽŵéÀ» ¹ß°ßÇÏ¿´´ø, 
Á¶È­´Â ÀÌÁ¦ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ Æı«µË´Ï´Ù: ¸ö¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿µÈ¥ÀÇ ¿µÀû ±â´ÉµéÀÇ ÅëÁ¦(control)°¡ 
»ê»êÀÌ ºÎ¼ö¾îÁö¸ç, ±×¸®ÇÏ¿© »ç¶÷°ú ¿©ÀÚÀÇ °áÇÕÀº ±äÀå(tensions)µé¿¡ Á¾¼ÓÇÏ°Ô µÇ¸ç,
(â¼¼±â 3,7-16À» ÂüÁ¶Ç϶ó), ±× ÀÌÈĺÎÅÍ ±×µéÀÇ °ü°èµéÀº  ¿å¸Á(lust)°ú Áö¹è(dominion)¿¡ 
ÀÇÇÏ¿© µÎµå·¯Áö°Ô µË´Ï´Ù. âÁ¶¹°(creation)°úÀÇ Á¶È­´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ±ú¶ß·ÁÁý´Ï´Ù: 
°¡½ÃÀû âÁ¶¹°Àº »ç¶÷¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© ÀÌ¹Ì ¼­·Î ¿ë³³Ä¡ ¾ÊÀ¸¸ç(alien) ±×¸®°í Àû´ëÀû(hostile)ÀÌ 
µÇ¾î¹ö·È½À´Ï´Ù (â¼¼±â 3,17.19¸¦ ÂüÁ¶Ç϶ó). »ç¶÷ ¶§¹®¿¡, âÁ¶¹°Àº ÀÌÁ¦ 'ºÎÆп¡ ´ëÇÑ 
±× Á¾»ìÀÌ¿¡' Á¾¼ÓµË´Ï´Ù(·Î¸¶ 8,21). ³¡À¸·Î, ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ºÒ¼øÁ¾¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© ¸í¹éÇÏ°Ô ¿¹°íµÇ¾ú´ø 
°á°ú´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ »ç½Ç·Î µÉ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù: »ç¶÷Àº 'ÈëÀ¸·Î µ¹¾Æ°¥' °ÍÀε¥ (â¼¼±â 3,19) 
ÀÌ´Â ±×°ÍÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ±×°¡ ÃëÇÏ¿©Á³±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. "Á˸¦ ÅëÇÏ¿© Á×À½ÀÌ Àΰ£ÀÇ ¿ª»ç¿¡ µé¾î 
¿Â´Ù" (·Î¸¶ 5,12¸¦ ÂüÁ¶Ç϶ó)" [°¡Å縯 ±³È¸ ±³¸®¼­(Catechism of the Catholic Church)", 
Á¦400Ç×
].


3:14-15. The punishment God imposes on the serpent includes confrontation be-
tween woman and the serpent, between mankind and evil, with the promise that
man will come out on top. That is why this passage is called the "Proto-gospel":
it is the first announcement to mankind of the good news of the Redeemer-
Messiah. Clearly, a bruise to the head is deadly, whereas a bruise to the heel
is curable.

3,14-15. ÇÏ´À´Ô²²¼­ ¹ì¿¡°Ô ºÎ°úÇÑ ¹úÀº, »ç¶÷ÀÌ ½Â¸®ÇÒ °ÍÀ̶ó´Â ¾à¼Ó°ú ÇÔ²², 
¿©ÀÚ¿Í ¹ì »çÀÌÀÇ, Àηù¿Í ¾Ç »çÀÌÀÇ, ´ë°áÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ¹Ù·Î ÀÌ°ÍÀÌ ÀÌ ±¸ÀýÀÌ ¿Ö 
"¿øº¹À½(Proto-gospel)" À̶ó°í ºÒ¸®´Â ÀÌÀ¯À̸ç, ±×¸®°í ÀÌ ¿øº¹À½Àº Àηù¿¡°Ô ÇÏ¿´´ø 
±¸¼ÓÁÖÀÎ ¸Þ½Ã¾Æ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ º¹À½(good news)ÀÇ Ã¹ ¹ø° ¼±Æ÷ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ºÐ¸íÈ÷, ¸Ó¸®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ 
¾î¶² »óó(a bruise)´Â Ä¡¸íÀûÀ̳ª, ÀÌ¿Í´Â ´Þ¸® µÚ²ÞÄ¡¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¾î¶² »óó´Â Ä¡·áÇÒ ¼ö 
ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.


As the Second Vatican Council teaches, "God, who creates and conserves all
things by his Word, (cf. Jn 1:3), provides men with constant evidence of himself
in created realities (cf. Rom 1:19-20). And furthermore, wishing to open up the
way to heavenly salvation, by promising redemption (cf. Gen 3:15); and he has
never ceased to take care of the human race. For he wishes to give eternal life
to all those who seek salvation by patience in well-doing (cf. Rom 2:6-7)" ("Dei
Verbum", 3).

Á¦2Â÷ ¹ÙƼĭ °øÀÇȸ°¡ °¡¸£Ä¡µíÀÌ, "´ç½ÅÀÇ ¸»¾¸¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© ¸ðµç »ç¹°µéÀ» âÁ¶ÇϽðí 
±×¸®°í º¸Á¸ÇϽôÂ(conserves) ÇÏ´À´Ô²²¼­´Â (¿äÇÑ º¹À½¼­ 1,3À» ÂüÁ¶Ç϶ó), »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô 
âÁ¶µÈ ½ÇÀç(created realities)µé ¾È¿¡¼­ ´ç½Å Àڽſ¡ ´ëÇÑ ºÒº¯ÀÇ Áõ°Å¸¦ Á¦½ÃÇϽŴÙ
(·Î¸¶ 1,19-20À» ÂüÁ¶Ç϶ó). ±×¸®°í ´õ±¸³ª, ±¸¼ÓÀ» ¾à¼ÓÇϽÉÀ¸·Î½á õ»ó ±¸¿ø(heavenly 
salvation)À¸·ÎÀÇ ±æÀ» Ȱ¦ ¿­¾îÁֽô °ÍÀ» ¹Ù¶ó¼ÌÀ¸¸ç(â¼¼±â 3,15À» ÂüÁ¶Ç϶ó), 
±×¸®ÇÏ¿© ´ç½Å²²¼­´Â Àηù¸¦ µ¹º¸½ÉÀ» °áÄÚ ¸ØÃ߽ŠÀûÀÌ ¾øÀ¸¼Ì´Ù. ÀÌ´Â ´ç½Å²²¼­´Â 
Àß ÇàÇÔ(well-doing)¿¡ ÀÖ¾î Àγ»¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© ±¸¿øÀ» Ãß±¸ÇÏ´Â ÀÚµé ¸ðµÎ¿¡°Ô ¿µ¿øÇÑ 
»ý¸íÀ» Áֽñ⸦ ¿øÇϽñ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù(·Î¸¶ 2,6-7À» ÂüÁ¶Ç϶ó)" [Á¦2Â÷ ¹ÙƼĭ °øÀÇȸ, 
ÇÏ´À´Ô °è½Ã¿¡ °üÇÑ ±³ÀÇ ÇåÀå,  "ÇÏ´À´ÔÀÇ ¸»¾¸(Dei Verbum)", 3].


Victory over the devil will be brought about by a descendant of the woman, the
Messiah. The Church has always read these verses as being messianic, refer-
ring to Jesus Christ; and it was seen in the woman the mother of the promised
Savior; the Virgin Mary is the new Eve. "The earliest documents, as they are
read in the Church and are understood in the light of a further and full revelation,
bring the figure of a woman, Mother of the Redeemer, into a gradually clearer
light. Considered in this light, she is already prophetically foreshadowed in the
promise of victory over the serpent which was given to our first parents after their
fall into sin (cf. Gen 3:15) [...]. Hence not a few of the early Fathers gladly assert
with Irenaeus in their preaching: 'the knot of Eve's disobedience was untied by
Mary's obedience: what the virgin Eve bound through her disbelief, Mary loosened
by her faith' (St Irenaeus, "Adv. Haer." 3, 22, 4). Comparing Mary with Eve, they
call her 'Mother of the living' (St Epiphanius, "Adv. Haer. Panarium" 78, 18) and
frequently claim: 'death through Eve, life through Mary' (St Jerome, "Epistula"
22, 21; etc.)" (Vatican II, "Lumen Gentium", 55-56).

¾Ç¸¶¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ½Â¸®´Â, ¸Þ½Ã¾ÆÀ̽Å, ÀÌ ¿©ÀÎÀÇ ÈÄ¼Õ ÇÑ ¸í¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© ¼ºÃëµÉ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. 
±³È¸´Â ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÀýµéÀ», ¿¹¼ö ±×¸®½ºµµ¸¦ ¾ð±ÞÇÏ´Â, ¸Þ½Ã¾ÆÀûÀ¸·Î Ç×»ó ÀÐ¾î ¿ÔÀ¸¸ç, 
±×¸®°í ÀÌ°ÍÀº ¾à¼ÓµÈ ±¸¿øÀÚÀÇ ¾î¸Ó´ÏÀÎ ÀÌ ¿©ÀÎ ¾È¿¡¼­ ÀÌÇصǾúÀ¸¸ç, ±×¸®°í 
µ¿Á¤ ¸¶¸®¾Æ²²¼­´Â
»õ ÇÏ¿Í(the new Eve)À̽ʴϴÙ. "°¡Àå ÃʱâÀÇ ¹®ÇåµéÀº, ´õ ±íÀº 
±×¸®°í Ã游ÇÑ °è½ÃÀÇ ºû ¾È¿¡¼­ ±×µéÀÌ ±³È¸ ¾È¿¡¼­ ÀÐÈ÷°í ±×¸®°í ÀÌÇصʿ¡ µû¶ó, 
±¸¼ÓÁÖÀÇ ¾î¸Ó´Ï¶ó´Â ÇÑ ¸íÀÇ ¿©Àο¡ ´ëÇÑ Ç¥»ó(figure)À» Á¡ÁøÀûÀ¸·Î ´õ ºÐ¸íÇÑ ºû 
¾ÈÂÊÀ¸·Î °¡Á®¿É´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ ºû ¾È¿¡¼­ »ý°¢µÇ¾úÀ» ¶§¿¡, ±×³à´Â À̹Ì, ¿ì¸®µéÀÇ Ã¹ 
ºÎ¸ðµé¿¡°Ô, ÁË·ÎÀÇ ±×µéÀÇ ¶³¾îÁü ÀÌÈÄ¿¡, ÁÖ¾îÁ³´ø ¹ì¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ½Â¸®ÀÇ ¾à¼Ó ¾È¿¡¼­, 
¿¹¾ðÀûÀ¸·Î ¹Ì¸® ¾Ï½ÃµÇ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù(â¼¼±â 3,15¸¦ ÂüÁ¶Ç϶ó). [...]. µû¶ó¼­ Ãʱâ 
±³ºÎµé ÁßÀÇ ²Ï ¸¹Àº ºÐµéÀÌ ÀڽŵéÀÇ ¼³±³¿¡ ÀÖ¾î
¼º ÀÌ·¹³×¿À(St. Irenaeus)¿Í 
ÇÔ²² ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ±â»Ú°Ô ÁÖÀåÇÕ´Ï´Ù:
'ÇÏ¿Í¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ºÒ¼øÁ¾ÀÇ ¸ÅµìÀº ¸¶¸®¾ÆÀÇ 
¼øÁ¾¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ Ç®·È½À´Ï´Ù:
µ¿Á¤ ÇÏ¿Í°¡ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ºÒ½Å¾ÓÀ» ÅëÇÏ¿© 
¹­¾ú´ø ¹Ù¸¦, ¸¶¸®¾Æ´Â ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¹ÏÀ½¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© Ç®¾ú½À´Ï´Ù'
[¼º ÀÌ·¹³×¿À
(St Irenaeus)
, "Adv. Haer." 3, 22, 4]. ¸¶¸®¾Æ¿Í ÇϿ͸¦ ºñ±³ÇÔÀ¸·Î½á, ±×µéÀº ±×³à¸¦ 
'»ì¾ÆÀÖ´Â ÀÚµéÀÇ ¾î¸Ó´Ï'¶ó°í ºÎ¸£¸ç[¼º ¿¡ÇÇÆÄ´Ï¿À(St Epiphanius), "Adv. Haer. 
Panarium" 78, 18] ±×¸®°í ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ÀÚÁÖ ÁÖÀåÇÕ´Ï´Ù: 'ÇϿ͸¦ ÅëÇÏ¿© Á×À½, 
¸¶¸®¾Æ¸¦ ÅëÇÏ¿© »ý¸í'
 [¼º ¿¹·Î´Ï¸ð(St Jerome), "Epistula" 22, 21; etc.]" [Á¦2Â÷ 
¹ÙƼĭ °øÀÇȸ(Vatican II), ±³È¸¿¡ °üÇÑ ±³ÀÇ ÇåÀå,
"ÀηùÀÇ ºû(Lumen Gentium)"
55-56].


So, woman is going to have a key role in that victory over the devil. In his Latin
translation of the Bible, the "Vulgate", St Jerome in fact reads the relevant pas-
sage as "she [the woman] shall bruise your head". That woman is the Blessed
Virgin, the new Eve and the mother of the Redeemer, who shares (by anticipa-
tion and pre-eminently) in the victory of her Son. Sin never left its mark on her,
and the Church proclaims her as the Immaculate Conception.

±×·¡¼­, ¿©ÀÎÀº ¾Ç¸¶(the devil)¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹Ù·Î ÀÌ ½Â¸®¿¡ ÀÖ¾î ¾î¶² ÇÙ½É ¿ªÇÒ(a key role)À» 
ÇÒ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ½ÇÁ¦·Î
¼º ¿¹·Î´Ï¸ð(St Jerome)´Â ¼º°æÀÇ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¶óƾ¾î ¹ø¿ªÀÎ "´ëÁß ¶óƾ 
¼º°æ (the Vulgate)"
¿¡¼­, ÀÌ °ü·ÃµÈ ±¸ÀýÀ» "±×³à°¡ [ÀÌ ¿©ÀÎÀÌ] ±×´ëÀÇ ¸Ó¸®¿¡ »ó󸦠
ÀÔÈ÷¸®¶ó"
·Î ÀнÀ´Ï´Ù. ¹Ù·Î ÀÌ ¿©ÀÎÀº »õ ÇÏ¿Í(the new Eve)ÀÌ¸ç ±×¸®°í ±¸¼ÓÁÖ
(RedeemerÀÇ ¾î¸Ó´ÏÀ̽Šº¹µÇ½Å µ¿Á¤³àÀ̽ŵ¥, À̺в²¼­´Â ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¾Æµå´ÔÀÇ ½Â¸®¿¡ 
[¹Ì¸®(by anticipation) ±×¸®°í ù ¹ø°·Î(preeminently)]) ÇÔ²² ÇϽʴϴÙ. ÁË´Â ±×³à¿¡°Ô 
±× ÈçÀûÀ» °áÄÚ ³²±âÁö ¸øÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç ±×¸®ÇÏ¿© ±³È¸´Â ±×³à¸¦
¹«¿° ½ÃÅÂ(the Immaculate 
Conception)
·Î ¼±Æ÷ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

-----
(*) ¹ø¿ªÀÚ ÁÖ: "»õ ÇÏ¿Í(the new Eve)"¶ó´Â µ¿Á¤ ¸¶¸®¾Æ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÄªÈ£(title)ÀÇ ½ÅÇÐÀû 
±Ù°ÅÀÎ, 2¼¼±âÀÇ ±³ºÎÀÎ ¸®¿ËÀÇ ¼º ÀÌ·¹³×¿À(St. Irenaeus of Lyons)¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© 
óÀ½À¸·Î µµÀԵȠ±×¸®½ºµµ±³ ½ÅÇÐÀÇ ±âÃÊ/±Ù°ÅÀÎ ±×ÀÇ "recapitulation(ÃÑ°ýº¹±Í/¼ö·Å)" 
°³³ä¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±ÛµéÀº ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ ÁÖ¼Ò¿¡ ÀÖÀ¸´Ï Çʵ¶Çϵµ·Ï Ç϶ó:
http://ch.catholic.or.kr/pundang/4/soh/intro2new_Eve.htm 
-----


St Thomas explains that the reason why God did not prevent the first man from
sinning was because "God allows evils to be done in order to draw forth some
greater good. Thus St Paul says, 'Where sin increased, grace abounded all the
more' (Rom 5:20); and the "Exultet" sings, '0 happy fault,...which gained for us
so great a Redeemer'" ("Summa Theologiae", 3, 1, 3 and 3; cf. "Catechism of
the Catholic Church", 412).

¼º Å丶½º(St. Thomas)´Â ÇÏ´À´Ô²²¼­ ù ¹ø° »ç¶÷ÀÌ Á˸¦ ¹üÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ¸·Áö ¾ÊÀ¸¼Ì´ø 
ÀÌÀ¯°¡ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº ÀÌÀ¯ ¶§¹®À̶ó°í ¼³¸íÇÕ´Ï´Ù:
"ÇÏ´À´Ô²²¼­´Â ¾î¶² ´õ Å« ¼±À» 
µµÃâÇϽðíÀÚ ¾ÇµéÀÌ ÇàÇÏ¿©Áö´Â °ÍÀ» Çã¶ôÇϽŴÙ. µû¶ó¼­ ¼º ¹Ù¿À·Î(St. Paul)´Â 
'ÁË°¡ ¸¹¾ÆÁø ±×°÷¿¡ ÀºÃÑÀÌ Ã游È÷ ³»·È½À´Ï´Ù' (·Î¸¶ 5,20) ¶ó°í ¸»Çϸç, ±×¸®°í 
"¿ë¾àÇ϶ó(the Exultet, ºÎÈ° Âù¼Û)" Àº '¿À º¹µÈ Å¿ÀÌ¿© ³Ê·Î½á À§´ëÇÑ ±¸¼¼ÁÖ¸¦ ¾ò°Ô 
µÇ¾úµµ´Ù' ¶ó°í ³ë·¡ÇÑ´Ù."[¼º Å丶½º ¾ÆÄû³ª½º(St. Thomas Aquinas), "½ÅÇÐ ´ëÀü
(Summa Theologiae)", 3, 1, 3 and 3
; "°¡Å縯 ±³È¸ ±³¸®¼­(Catechism of the Catholic 
Church)", Á¦412Ç×
À» ÂüÁ¶Ç϶ó] 



2nd Reading: Ephesians 1:3-6, 11-12

Hymn of Praise
----------------------
[3] Blessed be the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, who has
blessed us in Christ with every spiritual blessing in the heavenly
places, [4] even as he chose us in him before the foundation of the
world, that we should be holy and blameless before him. [5] He destined 
us in love to be his sons through Jesus Christ, according to the
purpose of his will, [6] to the praise of his glorious grace which he
freely bestowed on us in the Beloved.

[11] In him, according to the purpose of him who accomplishes all
things according to the counsel of his will, [12] we who first hoped
in Christ have been destined and appointed to live for the praise of
his glory.

*********************************************************************************************
Commentary:

[¹ø¿ªÀÚ ÁÖ: ¿À´ÃÀÇ Á¦2µ¶¼­´Â, ¿©±â¸¦ Ŭ¸¯Çϸé ÀÐÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Â, ³ªÇØ ¿¬Áß Á¦15ÁÖÀÏ 
Á¦2µ¶¼­(Ehesians 1:3-14)¿¡ Æ÷ÇԵȴÙ. ƯÈ÷ µ¿Á¤ ¸¶¸®¾Æ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ "»õ ÇÏ¿Í"¶ó´Â 
Īȣ(title)ÀÇ ½ÅÇÐÀû ±Ù°ÅÀÎ, 2¼¼±âÀÇ ±³ºÎÀÎ ¸®¿ËÀÇ ¼º ÀÌ·¹³×¿À(St. Irenaeus 
of Lyons)
ÀÇ "recapitulation(ÃÑ°ýº¹±Í/¼ö·Å)" °³³äÀÇ ¼º°æÀû ±Ù°ÅÀÎ ¿¡Æä¼Ò¼­ 
1,10¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Çؼ³À» ²À Çʵ¶Çϵµ·Ï Ç϶ó]

3-14. Verses 3-14 are a hymn of praise to God for the plan of salvation
he has devised and brought to fulfillment in benefit of men and all
creation. It is written in a liturgical style of rhythmic prose, similar to
that in Colossians 1:15-20. In the Greek it is one long complex sentence 
full of relative pronouns and clauses which give it a designed
unity; we can, however, distinguish two main sections.

The first (v. 3-10), divided into four stanzas, describes the blessings
contained in God's salvific plan; St Paul terms this plan the "mystery"
of God's will. The section begins by praising God for his eternal
design, a plan, pre-dating creation, to call us to the Church, to form
a community of saints (first stanza: vv. 3f) and receive the grace of
being children of God through Jesus Christ (second stanza: vv. 5f). It
then reflects on Christ's work of redemption which brings this eternal
plan of God to fulfillment (third stanza: vv. 7f). This section reaches
its climax in the fourth stanza (vv. 9f) which proclaims Christ as Lord
of all creation, thereby revealing the full development of God's
salvific plan.

The second section, which divides into two stanzas, deals with the
application of this plan--first to the Jews (fifth stanza: vv. 11f) and
then to the Gentiles, who are also called to share what God has
promised: Jews and Gentiles join to form a single people, the Church
(sixth stanza: vv. 13f).

Hymns in praise of God, or "eulogies", occur in many parts of Sacred
Scripture (cf. Ps 8; Ps 19; Dan 2:20-23; Lk 1:46-54, 68-78; etc.); they
praise the Lord for the wonders of creation or for spectacular
interventions on behalf of his people. Inspired by the Holy Spirit, St
Paul here praises God the Father for all Christ's saving work, which
extends from God's original plan which he made before he created the
world, right up to the very end of time and the recapitulation of all
things in Christ.

We too should always have this same attitude of praise of the Lord.
"Our entire life on earth should take the form of praise of God, for
the never-ending joy of our future life consists in praising God, and
no one can become fit for that future life unless he train himself to
render that praise now" (St Augustine, "Enarrationes in Psalmos",
148).

Praise is in fact the most appropriate attitude for man to have towards
God: "How can you dare use that spark of divine intelligence--your
mind--in anything but in giving glory to your Lord?" ([St] J. Escriva,
"The Way", 782).

3. St Paul blesses God as Father of our Lord Jesus Christ because
it is through Christ that all God's blessings and gifts reach us. God's
actions in favor of man are actions of all three divine Persons; the
divine plan which the Apostle considers here has its origin in the
Blessed Trinity; it is eternal. "These three Persons are not to be
considered separable," the Eleventh Council of Toledo teaches,
"since we believe that not one of them existed or at any time effected 
anything before the other, after the other, or without the other
For in existence and operation they are found to be inseparable" ("De
Trinitate" Creed, "Dz-Sch", 531).

In the implementation of this divine plan of salvation, the work of Redemption 
is attributed to the Son and that of sanctification to the
Holy Spirit. "To help us grasp in some measure this unfathomable
mystery, we might imagine the Blessed Trinity taking counsel together
in their uninterrupted intimate relationship of infinite love. As a result
of their eternal decision, the only-begotten Son of God the Father
takes on our human condition and bears the burden of our wretched-
ness and sorrows, to end up sewn with nails to a piece of wood"
([St] J. Escriva, "Christ Is Passing By", 95).

St Paul describes as "spiritual blessings" all the gifts which the
implementation of God's plan implies, gifts which are distributed by
the Holy Spirit. When he speaks of them as being "in the heavenly
places" and "in Christ", he is saying that through Christ who has risen
from the dead and ascended on high we too have been inserted into
the world of God (cf. 1:20; 2:6).

When man describes God as "blessed" it means he recognizes God's
greatness and goodness, and rejoices over the divine gifts he has received 
(cf. Lk 1:46, 68). Here is what St Thomas Aquinas has to say
about the meaning of this passage: "The Apostle says, 'Benedictus'
[Blessed be the God ...], that is, may I, and you, and everyone bless
him, with our heart, our mouth, our actions--praising him as God and
as Father, for he is God because of his essence and Father because
of hispower to generate" ("Commentary on Eph.", 1, 6).

Sacred Scripture very often invites us to praise God our Lord (cf. Ps
8:19; 33; 46-48; etc.); this is not a matter only of verbal praise: our
actions should prove that we mean what we say: "He who does good
with his hands praises the Lord, and he who confesses the Lord with
his mouth praises the Lord. Praise him by your actions" (St Augustine,
"Enarrationes in Psalmos", 91, 2).

4. As the hymn develops, the Apostle details each of the blessings
contained in God's eternal plan. The first of these is his choice, before
the foundation of the world, of those who would become part of the
Church. The word he uses, translated here as "chose", is the same
one as used in the Greek translation of the Old Testament to refer
to God's election of Israel. The Church, the new people of God, is
constituted by assembling in and around Christ those who have been
chosen and called to holiness. This implies that although the Church
was founded by Christ at a particular point in history, its origin goes
right back to the eternal divine plan. 'The eternal Father, in accordance 
with the utterly gratuitous and mysterious design of his
wisdom and goodness,... 'predestined (the elect) to be conformed to
the image of his Son in order that he might be the first-born among
many brethren' (Rom 8:29). He determined to call together in a holy
Church those who believe in Christ. Already present in figure at the
beginning of the world, this Church was prepared in marvelous fashion
in the history of the people of Israel and in the Old Alliance. Established 
in this last age of the world, and made manifest in the
outpouring of the Spirit, it will be brought to glorious completion at
the end of time" (Vatican II, "Lumen Gentium", 2). 

God's choice seeks to have us become "holy and blameless before him".
In the same way as in the Old Testament a victim offered to God had to
be unblemished, blameless (cf. Gen 17:1), the blameless holiness to
which God has destined us admits of no imperfection. By the very fact
of being baptized we are made holy (cf. note on 1: 1), and during our
lifetime we try to grow holier with the help of God; however, complete
holiness is something we shall attain only in heaven.

The holiness with which we have been endowed is an undeserved gift
from God: it is not a reward for any merit on our part: even before we
were created God chose us to be his: "'He chose us in him before the
foundation of the world, that we should be holy.' I know that such
thoughts don't fill you with pride or lead you to think yourself better
than others. That choice, the root of your vocation, should be the
basis of your humility. Do we build monuments to an artist's paintbrush? 
Granted the brush had a part in creating masterpieces, but
we give credit only to the painter. We Christians are nothing more
than instruments in the hands of the Creator of the world, the Redeemer 
of all men" ([St] J. Escriva, "Christ Is Passing By", 1).

"He destined us in love": the loving initiative is God's. "If God has
honored us with countless gifts it is thanks to his love, not to our
merits. Our fervor, our strength, our faith and our unity are the
fruit of God's benevolence and our response to his goodness" (St
John Chrysostom, "Hom. on Eph, ad loc".).

God's election of Christians and their vocation to holiness, as also
the gift of divine filiation, reveals that God is Love (cf. 1 Jn 4:8); we
have become partakers of God's very nature (cf. 2 Pet 1:4), sharers,
that is, in the love of God.

"He destined us in love", therefore, also includes the Christian's love
of God and of others: charity is a sharing in God's own love; it is the
essence of holiness, the Christian's law; nothing has any value if it
is not inspired by charity (cf. 1 Cor 13:1-3).

5. The Apostle goes on to explore the further implications of God's
eternal plan: those chosen to form part of the Church have been given
a second blessing, as it were, by being predestined to be adoptive 
children of God. 'The state of this people is that of the dignity and
freedom of the sons of God, in whose hearts the Holy Spirit dwells
as in a temple" (Vatican II, "Lumen Gentium, 9).

This predestination to which the Apostle refers means that God
determined from all eternity that the members of the new people of
God should attain holiness through his gift of adoptive sonship. It is
God's desire that all be saved (cf. 1 Tim 2:4) and he gives each person 
the means necessary for obtaining eternal life. Therefore, no
one is predestined to damnation (cf. Third Council of Valence, "De
Praedestinatione", can. 3).

The source of the Christian's divine sonship is Jesus Christ. God's
only Son, one in substance with the Father, took on human nature in
order to make us sons and daughters of God by adoption (cf. Rom
8:15, 29; 9:4; Gal 4:5). This is why every member of the Church can
say: "See what love the Father has given us, that we should be called
children of God; and so we are" (1 Jn 3:1).

What is involved here is not simply formal adoption, which is something 
external and does not affect the very person of the child. Divine
adoption affects man's entire being, it inserts him into God's own
life; for Baptism makes us truly his children, partakers of the divine
nature (cf. 2 Pet 1:4). Divine sonship is therefore the greatest of
the gifts God bestows on man during his life on earth. It is indeed
right to exclaim "Blessed be God" (v. 3) when one reflects on this
great gift: it is right for children openly to acknowledge their father
and show their love for him.

Divine filiation has many rich effects as far as the spiritual life is
concerned. "A child of God treats the Lord as his Father. He is not
obsequious and servile; he is not merely formal and well-mannered:
he is completely sincere and trusting. God is not shocked by what
we do. Our infidelities do not wear him out. our Father in heaven pardons 
any offense when his child returns to him, when he repents and
asks for pardon. The Lord is such a good father that he anticipates
our desire to be pardoned and comes forward to us, opening his arms
laden with grace" ([St] J. Escriva, "Christ Is Passing By", 64). See
the notes on Jn 1:12.

6. The gift of divine filiation is the greatest expression of the glory
of God (cf. note on 1:17 below), because it reveals the full extent of
God's love for man. St Paul stresses what the purpose of this eternal
divine plan is--to promote "the praise of his glorious grace". God's
glory has been made manifest through his merciful love, which has
led him to make us his children in accordance with the eternal purpose 
of his will. This eternal design "flows from 'fountain-like love', the
love of God the Father [...]. God in his great and merciful kindness
freely creates us and, moreover, graciously calls us to share in his
life and glory. He generously pours out, and never ceases to pour out,
his divine goodness, so that he who is Creator of all things might at
last become 'everything to everyone' (1 Cor 15:28), thus simultaneously 
assuring his own glory and our happiness" (Vatican II, "Ad Gentes", 2).

The grace which St Paul speaks of here and which manifests the glory
of God refers first to the fact that God's blessings are totally unmerited
by us and include the grace-conferring gifts of holiness and divine
filiation.

"In the Beloved": the Old Testament stresses again and again that
God loves his people and that Israel is that cherished people (cf. Deut
33:12; is 5:1, 7; 1 Mac 6:11; etc.). In the New Testament Christians
are called "beloved by God" (1 Thess 1:4; cf. Col 3:12). However, there
is only one "Beloved", strictly speaking, Jesus Christ our Lord--as God
revealed from the bright cloud at the Transfiguration: "This is my beloved
Son, with whom I am well pleased" (Mt 17:5). The Son of his love has
obtained man's redemption and brought forgiveness of sins (cf. Col
1:13ff), and it is through his grace that we become pleasing to God,
lovable by him with the same love with which he loves his Son. At the
Last Supper, Jesus asked his Father for this very thing--"so that the
world may know that thou hast sent me and hast loved them even as
hou hast loved me" (Jn 17:23). "Notice", St John Chrysostom points
out, "that Paul does not say that this grace has been given us for no
purpose but that it has been given us to make us pleasing and lovable
in his eyes, now that we are purified of our sins" ("Hom. on Eph, ad
loc.").

11-14. The Apostle now contemplates a further divine blessing--the
implementation of the "mystery" through the Redemption wrought by
Christ: God calls the Jews (vv. 11f) and the Gentiles (v. 13) together,
to form a single people (v. 14). Paul first refers to the Jewish people,
of which he himself is a member, which is why he uses the term
"we" (v. 12). He then speaks of the Gentile Christians and refers to
them as "you" (v. 13).

11-12. The Jewish people's expectations have been fulfilled in Christ:
he has brought the Kingdom of God and the messianic gifts, designed
in the first instance for Israel as its inheritance (cf. Mt 4:17; 12:28;
Lk 4:16-22). God's intention in selecting Israel was to form a people
of his own (cf. Ex 19:5) that would glorify him and proclaim to the
nations its hope in a coming Messiah. "God, with loving concern
contemplating, and making preparation for, the salvation of the whole
human race, in a singular undertaking chose for himself a people to
whom he would entrust his promises. By his covenant with Abraham
(cf. Gen 15:18) and, through Moses, with the race of Israel (cf. Ex
24:8), he did acquire a people for himself, and to them he revealed
himself in words and deeds as the one, true, living God, so that Israel
might experience the ways of God with men. Moreover, by listening
to the voice of God speaking to them through the prophets, they had
steadily to understand his ways more fully and more clearly, and make
them more widely known among the nations (cf. Ps 21:28-9; 95:1-3;
Is 2:1-4; Jer 3:17)" (Vatican II, "Dei Verbum", 14).

St Paul emphasizes that even before the coming of our Lord Jesus
Christ, the just of the Old Testament acted in line with their belief in
the promised Messiah (cf. Gal 3:11; Rom 1:17); not only did they look
forward to his coming but their hope was nourished by faith in Christ
as a result of their acceptance of God's promise. As later examples
of this same faith we might mention Zechariah and Elizabeth; Simeon
and Anna; and, above all, St Joseph. St Joseph's faith was "full, confident, 
complete", Monsignor Escriva comments. "It expressed itself
in an effective dedication to the will of God and an intelligent obedience. 
With faith went love. His faith nurtured his love of God, who
was fulfilling the promises made to Abraham, Jacob and Moses, and
his affection for Mary his wife and his fatherly affection for Jesus.
This faith, hope and love would further the great mission which God
was beginning in the world through, among others, a carpenter in
Galilee--the redemption of mankind" ("Christ Is Passing By", 42).


Gospel Reading: Luke 1:26-38

The Annunciation and Incarnation of the Son of God
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
[26] In the sixth month the angel Gabriel was sent from God to a city
of Galilee named Nazareth, [27] to a virgin betrothed to a man whose
name was Joseph, of the house of David; and the virgin's name was
Mary. [28] And he came to her and said, "Hail, full of grace, the Lord
is with you!" [29] But she was greatly troubled at the saying, and
considered in her mind what sort of greeting this might be. [30] And
the angel said to her, "Do not be afraid, Mary, for you have found
favor with God. [31] And behold, you will conceive in your womb and
bear a son, and you shall call His name Jesus. [32] He will be great,
and will be called the Son of the Most High; and the Lord God will give
to Him the throne of His father David, [33] and He will reign over the
house of Jacob for ever; and of His Kingdom there will be no end."
[34] And Mary said to the angel, "How can this be, since I have no
husband?" [35] And the angel said to her, "The Holy Spirit will come
upon you, and the power of the Most High will overshadow you; therefore 
the child to be born will be called holy, the Son of God. [36] And
behold, your kinswoman Elizabeth in her old age has also conceived a
son; and this is the sixth month with her who was called barren. [37]
For with God nothing will be impossible." [38] And Mary said, "Behold,
I am the handmaid of the Lord; let it be done to me according to your
word." And the angel departed from her.

*********************************************************************************************
Commentary:

26-38. Here we contemplate our Lady who was "enriched from the first
instant of her conception with the splendor of an entirely unique holiness; 
[...] the virgin of Nazareth is hailed by the heralding angel, by
divine command, as `full of grace' (cf. Luke 1:28), and to the heavenly
messenger she replies, `Behold the handmaid of the Lord, be it done
unto me according to thy word' (Luke 1:38). Thus the daughter of
Adam, Mary, consenting to the word of God, became the Mother of
Jesus. Committing herself wholeheartedly to God's saving will and
impeded by no sin, she devoted herself totally, as a handmaid of the
Lord, to the person and work of her Son, under and with Him, serving
the mystery of Redemption, by the grace of Almighty God. Rightly,
therefore, the Fathers (of the Church) see Mary not merely as
passively engaged by God, but as freely cooperating in the work of
man's salvation through faith and obedience" (Vatican II, "Lumen
Gentium", 56).

The annunciation to Mary and incarnation of the Word constitute the
deepest mystery of the relationship between God and men and the
most important event in the history of mankind: God becomes man,
and will remain so forever, such is the extent of His goodness and
mercy and love for all of us. And yet on the day when the Second
Person of the Blessed Trinity assumed frail human nature in the pure
womb of the Blessed Virgin, it all happened quietly, without fanfare of
any kind.

St. Luke tells the story in a very simple way. We should treasure
these words of the Gospel and use them often, for example, practising
the Christian custom of saying the Angelus every day and reflecting on
the five Joyful Mysteries of the Rosary.

27. God chose to be born of a virgin; centuries earlier He disclosed
this through the prophet Isaiah (cf. Isaiah 7:14; Matthew 1:22-23).
God, "before all ages made choice of, and set in her proper place, a
mother for His only-begotten Son from whom He, after being made
flesh, should be born in the blessed fullness of time: and He continued 
His persevering regard for her in preference to all other creatures, 
to such a degree that for her alone He had singular regard"
(Pius IX, "Ineffabilis Deus," 2). This privilege granted to our Lady of
being a virgin and a mother at the same time is a unique gift of God.
This was the work of the Holy Spirit "who at the conception and the
birth of the Son so favored the Virgin Mother as to impart fruitfulness
to her while preserving inviolate her perpetual virginity" ("St. Pius V
Catechism," I, 4, 8). Paul VI reminds us of this truth of faith: "We
believe that the Blessed Mary, who ever enjoys the dignity of virginity,
was the Mother of the incarnate Word, of our God and Savior Jesus
Christ" ("Creed of the People of God", 14).

Although many suggestions have been made as to what the name
Mary means, most of the best scholars seem to agree that Mary
means "lady". However, no single meaning fully conveys the richness
of the name.

28. "Hail, full of grace": literally the Greek text reads "Rejoice!",
obviously referring to the unique joy over the news which the angel
is about to communicate.

"Full of grace": by this unusual form of greeting the archangel reveals
Mary's special dignity and honor. The Fathers and Doctors of the
Church "taught that this singular, solemn and unheard-of-greeting
showed that all the divine graces reposed in the Mother of God and
that she was adorned with all the gifts of the Holy Spirit", which meant
that she "was never subject to the curse", that is, was preserved from
all sin. These words of the archangel in this text constitute one of
the sources which reveal the dogma of Mary's Immaculate Conception
(cf. Pius IX, "Ineffabilis Deus"; Paul VI, "Creed of the People of God").

-----
¹ø¿ªÀÚ ÁÖ: ¸¶¸®¾ÆÀÇ "¹«¿°½ÃÅÂ" ±³ÀÇ¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿©¼­´Â ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ ±Û¿¡ ¾È³»µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù:
http://ch.catholic.or.kr/pundang/4/soh/705.htm
-----


"The Lord is with you!": these words are not simply a greeting ("the
Lord be with you") but an affirmation ("the Lord is with you"), and they
are closely connected with the Incarnation. St. Augustine comments
by putting these words on the archangel's lips: "He is more with you
than He is with me: He is in your heart, He takes shape within you,
He fills your soul, He is in your womb" ("Sermo De Nativitate Domini",
4).

Some important Greek manuscripts and early translations add at the
end of the verse: "Blessed are you among women!", meaning that God
will exalt Mary over all women. She is more excellent than Sarah,
Hannah, Deborah, Rachel, Judith, etc., for only she has the supreme
honor of being chosen to be the Mother of God.

-----
¹ø¿ªÀÚ ÁÖ: ·çÄ« º¹À½¼­ 1,28¿¡ ÀÖ´Â °¡ºê¸®¿¤ õ»çÀÇ Àλç´Â, "¼º¸ð¼Û(Ave 
Maria; Hail Mary)" ±âµµ¹®ÀÇ Àü¹ÝºÎÀÇ Ã¹ ¹ø° ¹®ÀåÀ¸·Î ¹ßÃé µÇ¾ú´Ù. 
ÀÌ ±âµµ¹®ÀÇ À¯·¡¿Í ÀϺΠǥÇöµéÀÇ Àǹ̴ ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ ±Û¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù:
http://ch.catholic.or.kr/pundang/4/soh/1302.htm 
-----


29-30. Our Lady is troubled by the presence of the archangel and by
the confusion truly humble people experience when they receive praise.

30. The Annunciation is the moment when our Lady is given to know
the vocation which God planned for her from eternity. When the archangel 
sets her mind at ease by saying, "Do not be afraid, Mary," he is
helping her to overcome that initial fear which a person normally experiences 
when God gives him or her a special calling. The fact that Mary
felt this fear does not imply the least trace of imperfection in her: hers
is a perfectly natural reaction in the face of the supernatural. Imperfection 
would arise if one did not overcome this fear or rejected the advice
of those in a position to help--as St. Gabriel helped Mary.

31-33. The archangel Gabriel tells the Blessed Virgin Mary that she is
to be the Mother of God by reminding her of the words of Isaiah which
announced that the Messiah would be born of a virgin, a prophecy which
will find its fulfillment in Mary (cf. Matthew 1:22-23; Isaiah 7:14).

He reveals that the Child will be "great": His greatness comes from His
being God, a greatness He does not lose when He takes on the lowliness 
of human nature. He also reveals that Jesus will be the king of
the Davidic dynasty sent by God in keeping with His promise of salvation; 
that His Kingdom will last forever, for His humanity will remain
forever joined to His divinity; that "He will be called Son of the Most
High", that is that He really will be the Son of the Most High and will
be publicly recognized as such, that is, the Child will be the Son of
God.

The archangel's announcement evokes the ancient prophecies which
foretold these prerogatives. Mary, who was well-versed in Sacred
Scripture, clearly realized that she was to be the Mother of God.

34-38. Commenting on this passage John Paul II said: "`Virgo fidelis',
the faithful Virgin. What does this faithfulness of Mary mean? What
are the dimensions of this faithfulness? The first dimension is called
search. Mary was faithful first of all when she began, lovingly, to seek
the deep sense of God's plan in her and for the world. `Quomodo fiet?'
How shall this be?, she asked the Angel of the Annunciation [...]."

34-38. ÀÌ ±¸Àý¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© ÁÖ¼®Çϸ鼭 ±³È² ¿äÇÑ ¹Ù¿À·Î 2¼¼(John Paul II)²²¼­´Â 
´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ¸»¾¸Çϼ̽À´Ï´Ù:
"'Virgo fidelis', Ãæ½ÇÇÑ µ¿Á¤³à. ¸¶¸®¾ÆÀÇ ÀÌ 
¼º½ÇÇÔ(faithfulness, Ãæ½ÇÇÔ)(*)Àº ¹«¾ùÀ» ¶æÇÒ±î¿ä? ÀÌ ¼º½ÇÇÔÀÇ ¾ç»ó
(dimensions)µéÀº ¹«¾ùÀϱî¿ä? ù ¹ø° ¾ç»óÀº Ãß±¸(search)·Î ºÒ¸³´Ï´Ù. ¸¶¸®¾Æ´Â 
¹«¾ùº¸´Ùµµ ¸ÕÀú ±×³à°¡, ¾ÖÁ¤À» ±â¿ï¿©(lovingly), ±×³à¿¡ ÀÖ¾î ±×¸®°í ÀÌ ¼¼»óÀ» 
À§ÇÑ ÇÏ´À´ÔÀÇ °èȹÀÇ ±íÀº ÀǹÌ(sense)¸¦ Ãß±¸Çϱ⠽ÃÀÛÇÒ ¶§¿¡ ¼º½ÇÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù. 
'Quomodo fiet?' ¾î¶»°Ô ±×·± ÀÏÀÌ ÀÖÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ°Ú½À´Ï±î?, ¶ó°í ±×³à´Â ¼öÅ°íÁö 
õ»ç¿¡°Ô ¹°¾ú½À´Ï´Ù [...]." 

-----
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-----


"The second dimension of faithfulness is called reception, acceptance.
The `quomodo fiet?' is changed, on Mary's lips, to a `fiat': Let it be
done, I am ready, I accept. This is the crucial moment of faithfulness,
the moment in which man perceives that he will never completely
understand the `how': that there are in God's plan more areas of
mystery than of clarity; that is, however he may try, he will never
succeed in understanding it completely[...]."

"¼º½ÇÇÔÀÇ µÎ ¹ø° ¾ç»óÀº ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀÓ(reception)À¸·Î ºÒ¸³´Ï´Ù. 'quomodo 
fiet?'´Â, ¸¶¸®¾ÆÀÇ ¸»·Î, ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº ÇÑ °³ÀÇ '¼ø¸í(fiat)'À¸·Î ¹Ù²ò´Ï´Ù: ±×´ë·Î 
ÀÌ·ç¾îÁö¼Ò¼­, Àú´Â ÁغñµÇ¾î ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, Àú´Â ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ ¼ø°£Àº, ±× ¾È¿¡¼­ 
»ç¶÷ÀÌ, ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ
'¾î¶»°Ô(how)'¸¦ °áÄÚ ¿ÏÀüÇÏ°Ô ÀÌÇØÇÒ ¼ö ¾øÀ» °ÍÀÓÀ», 
ÇÏ´À´ÔÀÇ °èȹ¿¡ ÀÖ¾î, ¸í¹éÀÇ ¿µ¿ªµéº¸´Ù´Â ´õ ³ÐÀº ½ÅºñÀÇ ¿µ¿ª(areas)µéÀÌ 
ÀÖÀ½À», Áï, ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ ¾Æ¹«¸® ³ë·ÂÇÏ´õ¶óµµ, ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ ±×°ÍÀ» ¿ÏÀüÇÏ°Ô ÀÌÇØÇÔ¿¡ 
ÀÖ¾î °áÄÚ ¼º°øÇÒ ¼ö ¾øÀ» °ÍÀÓÀ», ÀÎÁöÇÏ´Â ¼ø°£ÀÎ
, ¼º½ÇÇÔ¿¡ À־ÀÇ 
°áÁ¤ÀûÀÎ ¼ø°£ÀÔ´Ï´Ù
[...]." 


"The third dimension of faithfulness is consistency to live in accordance
with what one believes; to adapt one's own life to the object of one's adherence. 
To accept misunderstanding, persecutions, rather than a
break between what one practises and what one believes: this is consistency[...]."

"¼º½ÇÇÔ¿¡ À־ÀÇ ¼¼ ¹ø° ¾ç»óÀº ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ ¹Ï´Â ¹Ù¿Í ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏ¿© »ì¾Æ°¡´Â, ±×¸®°í 
ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÁýÂøÀÇ ´ë»ó¿¡ ÀڽŠ°íÀ¯ÀÇ »îÀ» ¼øÀÀ½ÃÅ°´Â, ÀÏ°ü¼º(consistency)ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. 
ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ ½ÇõÇÏ´Â ¹Ù¿Í ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ ¹Ï´Â ¹Ù »çÀÌÀÇ ¾î¶² ´ÜÀýº¸´Ù´Â ¿ÀÈ÷·Á, ¿ÀÇØ, 
¹ÚÇصéÀ» ¼ö¿ëÇÏ´Â °Í: ÀÌ°ÍÀÌ ¹Ù·Î ÀÏ°ü¼ºÀÔ´Ï´Ù [...]."

"But all faithfulness must pass the most exacting test, that of duration.
Therefore, the fourth dimension of faithfulness is constancy. It is
easy to be consistent for a day or two. It is difficult and important to
be consistent for one's whole life. It is easy to be consistent in the
hour of enthusiasm, it is difficult to be so in the hour of tribulation.
And only a consistency that lasts throughout the whole life can be
called faithfulness. Mary's `fiat' in the Annunciation finds its fullness
in the silent `fiat' that she repeats at the foot of the Cross" ("Homily
in Mexico City Cathedral", 26 January 1979
).

"±×·¯³ª ¸ðµç ¼º½ÇÇÔÀº, ±â°£¿¡ À־ÀÇ ¼º½ÇÇÔÀÎ, °¡Àå ¾ö°ÝÇÑ ½ÃÇè(exacting 
test)À» Åë°úÇÏ¿©¾ß¸¸ ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î, Ãâ½ÇÇÔÀÇ ³× ¹ø° ¾ç»óÀº Ç×±¸¼º
(consistancy)
ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÇÏ·ç ȤÀº ÀÌƲ°£ ÀÏ°üÀûÀÎ °ÍÀº ½±½À´Ï´Ù. ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ 
Àüü »îÀÇ ½Ã±â µ¿¾È¿¡ ÀÏ°üÀûÀÎ °ÍÀº ¾î·Á¿ì³ª ±×·¯³ª Áß¿äÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ¿­±¤ÀÇ 
½Ã°£¿¡ ÀÏ°üÀûÀÎ °ÍÀº ½¬¿ì³ª, ȯ¶õÀÇ ½Ã°£¿¡ ±×·¯ÇÑ °ÍÀº ¾î·Æ½À´Ï´Ù. 
±×¸®°í ¿À·ÎÁö Àüü »î¿¡ °ÉÃÄ Áö¼ÓÇÏ´Â ¾î¶² ÀÏ°ü¼º¸¸ÀÌ ¼º½ÇÇÔÀ¸·Î ºÒ¸± ¼ö 
ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ¼öÅ°íÁö¿¡¼­ÀÇ ¸¶¸®¾ÆÀÇ '¼ø¸í(fiat)'Àº ±×³à°¡ ½ÊÀÚ°¡ÀÇ ¹ßÄ¡¿¡¼­ 
¹Ýº¹ÇÏ´Â ¹Ù·Î ±× Á¶¿ëÇÑ '¼ø¸í' ¾È¿¡¼­ ±× Ã游ÇÔÀ» ¹ß°ßÇÕ´Ï´Ù" ["¸ß½ÃÄÚ ½Ã 
´ë¼º´ç¿¡¼­ÀÇ °­·Ð(Homilyin Mexico City Cathedral)", 1979³â 1¿ù 26ÀÏ
].

34. Mary believed in the archangel's words absolutely; she did not
doubt as Zechariah had done (cf. 1:18). Her question, "How can this
be?", expresses her readiness to obey the will of God even though at
first sight it implied a contradiction: on the one hand, she was convinced 
that God wished her to remain a virgin; on the other, here was
God also announcing that she would become a mother. The archangel
announces God's mysterious design, and what had seemed impossible,
according to the laws of nature, is explained by a unique intervention
on the part of God.

Mary's resolution to remain a virgin was certainly something very
unusual, not in line with the practice of righteous people under the
Old Covenant, for, as St. Augustine explains, "particularly attentive
to the propagation and growth of the people of God, through whom the
Prince and Savior of the world might be prophesied and be born, the
saints were obliged to make use of the good of matrimony" ("De
Bono Matrimonii", 9, 9). However, in the Old Testament, there were
some who, in keeping with God's plan, did remain celibate--for example, 
Jeremiah, Elijah, Eliseus and John the Baptist. The Blessed
Virgin, who received a very special inspiration of the Holy Spirit to
practise virginity, is a first-fruit of the New Testament, which will
establish the excellence of virginity over marriage while not taking
from the holiness of the married state, which it raises to the level of
a sacrament (cf. "Gaudium Et Spes", 48).

35. The "shadow" is a symbol of the presence of God. When Israel
was journeying through the wilderness, the glory of God filled the
Tabernacle and a cloud covered the Ark of the Covenant (Exodus
40:34-36). And when God gave Moses the tablets of the Law, a cloud
covered Mount Sinai (Exodus 24:15-16); and also, at the Transfiguration
of Jesus the voice of God the Father was heard coming out of a cloud
(Luke 9:35).

At the moment of the Incarnation the power of God envelops our Lady
-- an expression of God's omnipotence. The Spirit of God--which, according 
to the account in Genesis (1:2), moved over the face of the waters,
bringing things to life--now comes down on Mary. And the fruit of her
womb will be the work of the Holy Spirit. The Virgin Mary, who herself
was conceived without any stain of sin (cf. Pius IX, "Ineffabilis Deus")
becomes, after the Incarnation, a new tabernacle of God. This is the
mystery we recall every day when saying the Angelus.

38. Once she learns of God's plan, our Lady yields to God's will with
prompt obedience, unreservedly. She realizes the disproportion between 
what she is going to become--the Mother of God--and what she
is--a woman. However, this is what God wants to happen and for Him
nothing is impossible; therefore no one should stand in His way. So
Mary, combining humility and obedience, responds perfectly to God's
call: "Behold, I am the handmaid of the Lord; let it be done according
to your word."

"At the enchantment of this virginal phrase, the Word became flesh"
([St] J. Escriva, "Holy Rosary", first joyful mystery). From the pure
body of Mary, God shaped a new body, He created a soul out of
nothing, and the Son of God united Himself with this body and soul:
prior to this He was only God; now He is still God but also man.
Mary is now the Mother of God. This truth is a dogma of faith, first
defined by the Council of Ephesus (431). At this point she also begins
to be the spiritual Mother of all mankind. What Christ says when He is
dying--`Behold, your son..., behold, your mother" (John 19:26-27) --
simply promulgates what came about silently at Nazareth. "With her
generous `fiat' (Mary) became, through the working of the Spirit, the
Mother of God, but also the Mother of the living, and, by receiving into
her womb the one Mediator, she became the true Ark of the Covenant
and true Temple of God" (Paul VI, "Marialis Cultus", 6).

The Annunciation shows us the Blessed Virgin as perfect model of
"purity" (the RSV "I have no husband" is a euphemism); of "humility"
("Behold, I am the handmaid of the Lord"); of "candor" and "simplicity"
("How can this be?"); of "obedience" and "lively faith" ("Let it be done
to me according to your word"). "Following her example of obedience
to God, we can learn to serve delicately without being slavish. In Mary,
we don't find the slightest trace of the attitude of the foolish virgins, who
obey, but thoughtlessly. Our Lady listens attentively to what God
wants, ponders what she doesn't fully understand and asks about what
she doesn't know. Then she gives herself completely to doing the divine 
will: `Behold I am the handmaid of the Lord; let it be done to me
according to your word'. Isn't that marvellous? The Blessed Virgin, our
teacher in all we do, shows us here that obedience to God is not servile,
does not bypass our conscience. We should be inwardly moved to
discover the `freedom of the children of God' (cf. Romans 8:21)" ([St]
J. Escriva, "Christ Is Passing By", 173).



*********************************************************************************************
Source: "The Navarre Bible: Text and Commentaries". Biblical text from the
Revised Standard Version and New Vulgate. Commentaries by members of
the Faculty of Theology, University of Navarre, Spain.

Published by Four Courts Press, Kill Lane, Blackrock, Co. Dublin, Ireland, and
by Scepter Publishers in the United States. We encourage readers to purchase
The Navarre Bible for personal study. See Scepter Publishers for details.


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